Chapter 26 Pt 1
What is formed when the template strand and nontemplate strand are pulled apart to create RNA?
Transcription bubble
What type of introns splice themselves into a lariat structure?
Group II introns
What is a reading frame?
The correct orientation and starting point for reading DNA
What are Shine-Dalgarno sequences?
Sequences that signal for mRNA binding
What is the most important type of reaction in glycolysis?
phosphate transfer
What is added to the 5' end of mRNA and why?
A "cap" to prevent degradation
Polyadenylation
Ribosomes are composed of _ subunits
2
Where are the tRNAs added?
the A site
What is the most important reaction in the citric acid cycle?
Oxidation-reduction
What is the difference between the primary transcript and mature mRNA?
The mature mRNA has had the introns removed, 5' cap, and polyadenylation
What is an enzyme responsible for splicing out many introns?
Spliceosome
What is the adaptor molecule between mRNA and proteins?
tRNA
What terminates protein synthesis?
Release factors
What allows for long strands of DNA to be packed in a very small area?
Supercoiling
Where does RNA polymerase bind?
Promoters
What type of enzyme can create DNA from RNA?
Reverse transcriptase
What causes the degeneracy of the genetic code?
Wobble base pairing
What are the three sites of the ribosome?
E, P, and A
How are linking number, twist, and writhe related?
What type of introns splice themselves out of the mRNA?
Group I introns
Describe the 3' overhang problem.
Lagging strand synthesis creates 3' overhang, 3' overhang cannot be replicated, and the ends of chromosomes get shorter
Ribosomes are composed of ___ and ____
RNA; protein
What is the difference between bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes?
Bacterial-50S+30S=70S
Eukaryotic-40S+60S=80S
Draw base pair A and T
N-H---O
N---H-N