Procedure
What was the aim of the experiment?
Extract strands of DNA from strawberries
The nucleotides, or building blocks, of DNA are represented by these 4 letters, which stand for:
A (Adenine), C (Cytosine), T (Thymine), G (Guanine)
The process where DNA makes an exact copy of itself
Knowing that a strawberry is a flowering plant, what is its clade?
Agiospermae
Transfer and messenger are types of what single-stranded molecule contrasted with DNA?
RNA
What was the purpose of adding salt to the extraction buffer?
Salt helps neutralize the negatively charged DNA
DNA stands for:
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA Helicase versus DNA Polymerase
DNA Helicase- an enzyme that unwinds DNA to allow for replication
DNA Polymerase- use each strand separated by the DNA Helicase as a template to build a new matching DNA strand
In what plant organelles does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplasts
Photosynthesis converts water and carbon dioxide into this compound and oxygen. Name the sugar that is used to produce energy for the body.
Glucose
Why would the cheesecloth be used when pouring the liquid into the collection tube?
The cheesecloth helps catch any seeds and traps the precipitated cell debris while the soluble DNA passes through.
The process in which DNA is converted to RNA is called ____ while the process in which RNA is converted into proteins is called ____.
transcription; translation
Who created the semiconservative model of replication and what does it predict?
Created by Watson and Crick, the model predicts that the replication of a double helix results in each daughter molecule having one old strand, derived from the parent molecule, and one newly-made strand
This process takes place inside thylakoids, a membrane-bound component of chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is vital to what process in which plants transform light into energy?
Photosynthesis
Name this classification level that can classify living things as protists, plants, or animals.
kingdom
What is one possible limitation to this experiment?
Lot of human error because measuring small amounts of meat tenderizer (by hand) could be inaccurate; multiple influencing variables such as brand of dish soap or ethanol concentration
What are the 3 components that make up DNA nucleotides?
5-carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
The new fragments of DNA created on the lagging strand, often 100-200 nucleotides long in eukaryotic cells, are called?
Okazaki Fragments
What family are strawberries part of, which also includes plums, cherries, and roses?
Rosaceae
The binding of these organelles to the ER makes it "rough". What organelles synthesize proteins?
Ribosomes
How does temperature affect the experiment?
The strawberry should be room temperature and the ethanol should be cold to keep the liquids separate (the colder the ethanol, the less soluble the DNA)
Thermal cyclers allow for multiple parallel experiments to find these things’ ideal annealing temperature. In PCR, these things bind to template DNA after denaturation. Name these short nucleotide sequences required for DNA replication to start.
Primers
Name this 1957 experiment that proved DNA replication was semiconservative.
Meselson-Stahl Experiment
Why are strawberries commonly used for extracting DNA?
They are easy to mash and contain enzymes (called pectinases and cellulases), and these help break down cell walls. Strawberries also have eight copies of each chromosome, so there plenty of DNA to isolate.
Reproductive isolation is the end result of what evolutionary process in which populations can no longer interbreed?
Speciation