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Describe what it means if we are talking about the physical layers of the Earth
How do the layers look and behave?
A theory that helps to explain the causes of both earthquakes and volcanoes is the theory of:
Plate Tectonics
What is conduction?
Heat transfer due to touch
How can we reduce the use of fossil fuels?
Using renewable resources such as: Solar energy, Water energy, Wind energy, Geothermal energy, and Biomass
Large with gentle slopes; Are non-explosive; Can produce slow lava flows; Common along divergent plate boundaries
What are the physical layers of the Earth in order?
Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core
Wave that travels the fastest after an earthquake occurs is:
P-wave / Primary wave
What is convection?
Hot air rises, cold air sinks
Tectonic plate motion is tracked by what kind of methods?
Satellites, GPS, and Divers
Describe Composite volcanoes
Large with steep sides; Produce pyroclastic material; Produce lava flow; Can be non-explosive; Common along convergent plate boundaries
A normal fault occurs at what type of boundary?
Divergent plate boundary
The strongest earthquakes occur at which boundary?
Convergent
What is radiation?
Heat or energy transfer by electromagnetic waves
How are calderas formed?
When a volcano’s vent collapses
Small with steep sides; Produce pyroclastic material
What does topography describe?
The shape of areas on the earth’ surface and even under water as well as how heights and depths of land features
How do we know the properties of the layers inside the Earth?
Seismic Waves
What is the most abundant gas on Earth?
Nitrogen
What is an area of permanent sediment or rock that holds significant amounts of water?
An aquifer
What is the order of the planets beginning from the closest to the sun?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
What do buildings have in place to be more resistant to earthquakes?
Active Tendon systems, Base isolation, Flexible materials, Tuned mass dampers, Cross-bracing, Shear walls
Name the three plate boundaries and describe what type of motion and which type of stress happen at all three plate boundaries
What is global warming?
Average rise in temperature
What is evaporation?
The heating up of water and rising into the atmosphere as vapor
List the atmosphere layers in order from the earth moving outward:
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Ionosphere (Exosphere)