vocabulary
achieve
a. accomplish
b. fail
to accomplish
"It is easy to confuse trainability with thinking. But just because an animal can learn to perform a trick doesn't mean that it knows what it is doing."
a. It's confusing to understand the difference between training and thinking. When an animal can learn to do a trick, it doesn't always mean it understands what it is doing.
b.Many animals can learn to do tricks. However, it is unclear if the animal fully understands its actions. Thus, for many, training and learning are easily confused.
b.Many animals can learn to do tricks. However, it is unclear if the animal fully understands its actions. Thus, for many, training and learning are easily confused.
If my brother and I ___________ English, we wouldn’t have gotten our well-paid jobs.
a. wouldn't learned
b. hadn't learned
b. hadn't learned
(If + past perfect form; modal + have + past participle)
Big industries shouldn't pollute the rivers. I wish...
I wish big cities wouldn't pollute the rivers.
behavior
a. intelligence
b. way you act
b. way you act
"Creativity, which most people would agree is a critical element in the meaningful application of intelligence, has not traditionally been evaluated by tests, and other important mental skills have also been ignored."
a. Tests have not assessed all critical cognitive abilities. Creativity is one example of something that is not generally tested, but it is not the only one that has been overlooked.
b. Creativity is one of the cognitive skills left out of intelligence tests.
a. Tests have not assessed all critical cognitive abilities. Creativity is one example of something that is not generally tested, but it is not the only one that has been overlooked.
People ____________________ more money to charity if they knew how charities spend it.
a. would give
b. gave
a. would give
(If + past form; modal + verb)
Someone needs to do something to help homeless. I hope...
I hope they do something to help the homeless.
acquire
a. think
b. develop or learn a skill
b. develop or learn a skill
"The concept of intelligence was thought up by humans, and our thinking about it is tied up with our own human system of values. The things that are important to animals can be different than those that matter to humans."
a, Man developed the ideas behind what is intelligence. Therefore, intelligence and our ideas about what and who is intelligent are closely aligned with our beliefs. What is important or valued to man, may not be important to animals.
b. Intelligence as an idea was conceived by people and how we perceive it is connected to our values. What animals regard as important may not match to what is important to us.
b. Intelligence as an idea was conceived by people and how we perceive it is connected to our values. What animals regard as important may not match to what is important to us.
I couldn’t have helped all the homeless people I saw in the subway tonight, even if I_________ to. There were so many.
a. had wanted
b. would want
a. had wanted
(If + past perfect form; modal + have + past participle)
The government should have invested in public transportation years ago. I wish...
I wish the government had invested in public transportation years ago.
perception
a. way you use your senses
b. the way you act
a. way you use your senses
"Field observations and lab experiments show chimps are capable of empathy, altruism, and self-awareness."
a. Both field research and scientific experiments prove that chimps can feel sympathy, unselfishness, and self-consciousness.
b. Through both observations of chimps in their natural habitats and scientific experiments, it is clear that chimps demonstrate caring, kindness towards others, and the ability to recognize themselves.
b. Through both observations of chimps in their natural habitats and scientific experiments, it is clear that chimps demonstrate caring, kindness towards others, and the ability to recognize themselves.
If everybody gave just 5% of their income to charity, there ___________ any poverty
a. wouldn't be
b. hadn't been
a. wouldn't be
(If + past form; modal + verb)
Governments need to do more to protect wildlife, but they probably won't. I wish...
I wish Governments would do more to protect wildlife
cognition
a. process of knowing
b. way you use your senses
a. process of knowing
Many animals have extreme perception.
a. Many animals have excellent awareness.
b. Animal that display a deep understanding of their world are common.
b. Animal that display a deep understanding of their world are common.
What would your parents say if you __________ to sell all your things for charity?
a. have decided
b. decided
b. decided
(If + past form; modal + verb)
I didn't want to upset you when we were discussing the distribution of wealth. I hope...
I hope I didn't upset you when we were discussing the distribution of wealth.