Terms/definition
Two chromosomes effect the same traits, but they may affect them differently.
Homologous
What is the process of cell divison
Mitosis
How many chromosomes are produced in the cell cycle?
46
How can cancer be treated? (name at least 2)
- surgery
- radiation
- chemotherapy (chemical compounds used to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells)
Stem cells are unspecialized
(true or false)
true
Having a cell that has both sets of homologous chromosomes.
Diploid
What happens when a cell is getting too big?
The cell will divide before it gets too large
What happens in G2?
Cell growth and preparation for Mitosis.
What is the downside of chemotherapy?
The compounds targeting the cancer cells can interfere with cell division in normal, healthy cells
Two types of stem cells
Embryonic and Adult
Having a cell that has one set of the homolgous chromosomes
Haploid
What are the factors that limit cell size?
Diffusion, DNA, and Surface area to volume ratio
What are the four checkpoints?
G0, G1, G2 and M
What are cancers caused by?
Defects in the genes that regulate cell growth and division
What does tissue engineering seek to do?
Develop living biological substitutes for human implantation.
Paired homologous chromosomes during Prophase I and Metaphase I
Tetrads
A larger cell is_____________ efficient in moving nutrients and waste material across the______________
less;cell membrane
What do the four checkpoints check for?
(name 2 checkpoints)
G0- Resting point, mature nerve, and muscle cells that do not divide go here.
G1- This checkpoint determines whether all conditions are favorable for cell division to continue. G1 makes sure the cell of growing correctly.
G2- Checks the growth of the cell once again and makes sure all chromosomes have been replicated
M- Checks to see if all sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle microtubules that separate them.
What do cancer cells do as they spread?
- absorb nutrients needed by other cells
- prevent organs they invade from functioning properly
Why aren't stem cells ethically correct
To get stem cells you have to destroys embryos
During Prophase I tetrads exchange genetic material to increase variety
Crossing Over
What are the stages of interphase?
Cell growth, and carrying out normal functions. (G1) DNA is replicated. (S) and the cell prepares for mitosis. (G2)
What does the cell do when it is too damaged to go on?
Apoptosis
How do cancer cells differ from other cells?
Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells. They divide uncontrollably.
How do stem cells differentiate?
Through mitosis