Time Scale
What are the four eras in the Geological Time Scale, in order from oldest to youngest?
Precambrian (being the oldest), Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic (being the current).
What is the difference between Rocks and Minerals?
Rocks are made up of two or more minerals while minerals itself are made up of one.
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is when the ground shakes because of the tectonic plates that are moving around.
What is Pangaea?
It is a supercontinent that connected all the continents.
What is the rock cycle?
It's a process that shows how the rocks change due to natural changes.
What is the era we are living in currently?
Cenozoic
What scale is used to identify the hardness of a rock?
What is the richter scale?
It is a scale that measures the intensity of an earthquake.
How do Tectonic Plates move?
They move due to the Convection currents in the Earth's Mantle.
How does the sediments turn into Sedimentary rock.
Compaction and Cementation
What is the main thing Mesozoic introduced?
Dinosaurs
What is a volcano?
A volcano is a mountain that spews out lava.
What are the layers of the Earth? (Smallest to Biggest).
Crust (the smallest layer), Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle (the biggest layer).
How do rocks turn into sediments?
Weathering and Erosion
What era had the first animal with a backbone?
Paleozoic
What is a parent rock?
Is the original rock from which younger rock or soil is formed.
What does VEI stand for and what does it mean?
VEI stands for Volcanic Explosivity Index, which is a scale in which shows how explosive a volcano is.
What types of metals are in the mantle? Name at least one.
Iron, Nickel & Magnesium
How does Sedimentary rock turn into Metamorphic rock?
Heat and Pressure
What is the range between the start and end of the Precambrian era? If you can answer more for each era, then you will get an extra 100 points, but at a risk of 100 points if you get it wrong.
Precambrian = 4600-590
Paleozoic = 590-248
Mesozoic = 248-65
Cenozoic = 65-Current
What is Intrusive and Extrusive rock?
Intrusive rock cools slowly and has bigger crystals formed inside the Earth.
Extrusive rock cools quickly and has smaller crystals formed on the outside of the Earth.
How do underwater earthquakes create tsunamis?
The energy from an earthquake can cause the ocean floor to suddenly rise or fall. The sudden vertical displacement of the ocean floor is what sets a tsunami in motion.
What are each of the plate boundaries called and how do they work?
Convergent - is when two plates collide with each other.
Divergent - is when two plates move away from each other.
Transform - is when the plates rub against each other.
How does Metamorphic rock turn into Igneous rock?
It turns into magma and then cools and hardens to become an Igneous rock.