Day 6: Punnett Square
What are genotype and phenotype?
Genotype: the letters
Phenotype: how it looks
What does it mean to be a carrier?
Heterozygote, holds the allele but does not express it
Tell us what is artificial selection and give an example.
Selecting the traits that you want on purpose. Picking smaller dogs to breed with smaller dogs. Breeding plants to make them produce bigger fruit.
Which population will have a better chance of survival over multiple generations?
Population 1: most individuals in the population have the same traits that are well suited to their current environment
Population 2: individuals in the population have very different traits that are moderately suited for their current environment.
Pop 2
What is speciation?
The process by which two organisms separate themselves to a point where they can no longer reproduce fertile offspring
What is an example of incomplete dominance?
Red + White = pink
What are Punnett squares and pedigrees useful for?
They can help us predict probability or likelihood of getting a certain trait or disease.
What is an adaptation and how does it contribute to fitness?
A trait that makes you better suited to your environment, you will survive and reproduce more.
What is evidence that we come from common ancestors? give at least 2 examples
1. Embryos
2. Digestive tracts
3. Homologous structures
4. Similar DNA
5. Similar Protein
What is something that can cause speciation?
Geographic, Temporal, Behavioral
What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
Gene is the general term, ex. eye color
Allele is the specific variation ex. brown eyes
If a child has a recessive disorder what can be said about the parents?
They either have the disorder as well or are both carriers for the disorder.
What are Darwin's three principles of Natural Selection?
most characteristics are inherited
more offspring are produced than are able to survive
offspring with more favorable characteristics will survive and have more offspring than those individuals with less favorable traits
Briefly summarize the theory of evolution
Evolution is the collection of inherited advantageous traits that a population has collected over generations of natural selection.
What is allopatric vs sympatric speciaiton?
Allopatric - physical separation
Sympatric - behavioral or otherwise
Spiderman and Spiderwoman have a child that has no web slinging powers. Is having spider powers dominant or recessive? Are Spiderman and Spiderwoman homozygous or heterozygous?
Spider Powers is dominant.
They are heterozygous.
If one parent has a dominant disorder and the other parent does not, what can be said about the children?
They have a 50% chance of getting the disorder.
What does descent with modification mean?
the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor
How does HIV turn into AIDS?
HIV eventually kills your T cell count (disease fighters in the body) to below 200 and then that would be categorized as AIDS.
We all come from a common ancestor that went through speciation a million times.
We don’t know if having wolverine claws is recessive or dominant to not having claws. Two individuals with wolverine claws mate and have children who both do and do not have wolverine claws. What is the dominant trait?
Wolverine claws
Is the following statement a claim, evidence, or reasoning.
Since 500,000 people die from smoking annually, smoking should be illegal.
Reasoning
Where do new traits come from and what makes them adaptations?
Mutations, if it increases fitness
How did we coevolve with cows?
We domesticated them and they gave us lactose tolerance by drinking their milk.
What does the fact that all living things have DNA tell us?
Common Ancestor