Which Language
What is an example of a language that uses path-focused verbs (instead of manner-focused verbs)?
Spanish, Greek, or Turkish
Russian words 'siniy' and 'goluboy' refer to the dark and light shades of what color?
Blue
Late 70s/ early 80s
According to the economist Keith Chen, the presence of what feature in a language is associated with 'reckless behaviors' on the part of its speakers?
Future tense
What are the two famous tasks researchers often use to test false belief understanding?
Sally-Anne task, Smarties task
Which language (or languages) contain no number words, but instead only have imprecise quantifiers?
Pirahã, Munduruku
Historically, which color gets to be named first in languages after a basic distinction is made between black and white (or dark and light)?
Red
Who was the Soviet researcher who did research on the 'logic' and 'cognitive competence' of some tribes that inhabited Soviet Russia at the time?
Alexander Luria
What kind of animal is a 'filly'?
Female baby horse
What are some methods that are used to test infants in psycholinguistics studies?
Looking time studies, head-turn preference procedure, high-amplitude sucking procedure
Which language or languages use geocentric terms (north/south, etc.) as a canonical way to talk about location?
Tzeltal/ Tenejapan Mayan
What two-word color adjective did Homer use to describe the hue of the sea?
Wine-dark
Which philosopher mentioned in one of his famous set of treatises that he could not visualize a chiliagon (a polygon with 1000 sides) but he could nevertheless linguistically express this concept?
René Descartes
What non-human animal or animals were shown to have the ability to individuate objects?
Macaques, chicks, domestic dogs...
Why might language researchers decide to use a 'verbal interference' task in a psychology study?
If a certain psychological process is thought to be relying on language to function; a verbal interference task may temporarily impair a participant's ability to use language, thereby providing indirect evidence that the process in question really relies on language (and is disrupted when language cannot be used).
Korean or Thai
Give an example of a color distinction that English makes, but is lacking in another language. Name both the language and the colors in question.
One example would be the blue-green distinction, lacking in Burmese and Japanese. The yellow-green distinction was not made in Ancient Greek, the word 'chloros' was used for both of them, etc.
Who was the 19th century German linguist and philosopher who first came up with the 'color hierarchy', the chronological order in which color terms tend to emerge in languages?
Lazarus Geiger
The texts from which two ancient languages show that they *probably* lacked temporal conjunctions and embedded clauses and used simple conjunctions like "and" or "and then" instead? Name at least one.
Hittite, Babylonian
Being exposed to certain kinds of stimuli can cognitively predispose you to process forthcoming stimuli in a corresponding way. This is known as...
Priming
Which "timeless" language did Benjamin Lee Whorf extensively work on and write about?
Hopi
In the language of the Murray Islanders, the word for black was 'golegole'. From which animal's name was this color term derived?
Cuttlefish (because their ink is black!)
Who was the American anthropologist & linguist who wrote a book with the title “The Mind of Primitive Man” in 1911, where he first put forth the claim that "Eskimo" languages had many words for snow?
Franz Boas
In the context of metaphors, what is a "target domain?"
The target domain is the domain that is characterized by a metaphor in terms of the source domain, a metaphor maps a source domain to a target domain to make the latter more concrete and 'graspable'. (e.g., "Time flies like an arrow.")
Studies that do not find any significant results tend to not get published. Over time, this tendency can lead to more 'false positives' being reported in the literature, simply because the 'true negatives' never saw the light of day. This effect is known as...
The file drawer effect