Infancy and Early Childhood
What is the term for the reflex that causes a newborn to turn its head and search for a nipple when touched on the cheek?
Rooting reflex.
What is the term for the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person?
Empathy
What is the primary hormone responsible for the physical changes of puberty, such as growth spurts and the development of secondary sexual characteristics?
Testosterone (in males) and Estrogen (in females).
At what age does the brain typically reach its peak in terms of cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills?
Around 25 to 30 years old.
What is the term for the theory that suggests older adults experience a decline in cognitive abilities, particularly fluid intelligence, but maintain or improve in areas of crystallized intelligence?
Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence.
At what age do most babies start to walk independently?
Around 12 months (1 year).
What psychosocial stage, according to Erik Erikson, occurs during middle childhood and is focused on developing a sense of competence and mastery?
Industry vs. Inferiority.
According to Erik Erikson, what is the main psychosocial challenge of adolescence?
Identity vs. Role Confusion.
What is the term for the stage of adulthood where individuals focus on building careers, establishing relationships, and starting families?
Early Adulthood.
What is the name of the psychological theory that emphasizes the importance of finding meaning and purpose in life during late adulthood?
Theory of Positive Aging (or Positive Psychology of Aging).
Which type of motor skill involves the ability to grasp and manipulate objects with the fingers?
Fine motor skills.
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, what stage occurs during middle childhood and is characterized by the development of logical thinking and understanding of conservation?
Concrete Operational Stage.
Which cognitive ability, associated with adolescence, involves considering hypothetical situations and abstract concepts?
Formal Operational Thinking.
According to psychologist Erik Erikson, what is the psychosocial stage of adulthood marked by the desire to contribute to society and the next generation?
Generativity vs. Stagnation.
What is the process of adjusting to the changes and challenges of later life, including retirement and changes in health?
Aging Adjustment.
What is the name of the emotional bond that forms between an infant and its primary caregiver?
Attachment