leg
What are the anterior leg muscles
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
Inflammation of the subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
What is the pericardial cavity?
Space between parietal and visceral pericardium
What small muscle aid in respiration?
Pectoralis minor
Scalenes
Serratus anterior
What is the purpose of the pelvic floor muscles?
Close off pelvis to keep organs from "falling out"
Whats in the lateral leg?
Fibularis longus
Monk's knee (clergyman)
Inflammation of the subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
What are the valves of the heart?
Bicuspid (between left ventricle and atria)
Tricuspid (between right ventricle and atria)
What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic activities of the lungs?
Sympathetic- increased respiration rate
Parasympathetic- decreased respiration rate
What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?
-Supports pelvic viscera
-Aids in urinary and fecal incontinence
-Raises pelvic floor, allows for changes in pressure
Whats in the posterior leg?
Superficial group
-Gastrocnemius , soleus, plantaris
Deep group:
-popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
Baker's cyst (popliteal cyst)
Leaking of synovial membrane behind posterior ligaments, extension of synovial membrane into posterior compartment
What is the difference between systole and diastole?
Systole- heart contracts to push blood out
Diastole-heart rests to allow blood to flow in
What is respiratory distress syndrome?
lack of sufactant in babies born premature
Why is it important to have both slow and fast twitch muscle fibers in the pelvic floor?
-Slow twitch= contraction to support abdominal and pelvic organs
-fast twitch= contraction when intraabdomial pressures rise (coughing, sneezing, laughing)
What two muscles assist the long muscles on the leg to extend the toes?
Extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum
What is the "screw home" mechanism of the knee?
Knee "locking": into place allows a stable, weight-bearing position
Are the walls of the atria or ventricles larger?
Ventricles because they need to push blood against gravity
What are the different bronchi?
Primary bronchus
Secondary (lobar) bronchus- goes to lobes
tertiary (segmental) bronchus- goes to bronchopulmonary segments
What are the pelvic muscles?
Obturator internus
piriformis
pelvic diaphragm
What is compartment sydrome?
Tissue injury, hemorrhage, or edema compresses muscles and restricts blood flow
How are the ACL and PCL bands arranged?
Anteromedial and posterolateral portions which act differently as the knee moves through its range
What is the order of the conduction system?
Supra atria-Atrial ventricular- bundle of his- bundle branches- purkinje fibers
What can respiratory diseases lead to?
Breakdown in alveoli, compromised gas exchange
What are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?
-Coccygeus
-Levator ani (pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus)