Terms
Is the following an aim or hypthesis?
To observe the transfer of heat through the process of conduction.
Aim
Define Data?
Information, usually in numbers that describe our observation.
True or false
The control variable can be changed.
False
The control variable is everything that must be kept the same in order to maintain a fair test.
This is important so that we can conclude that the effects we are observing is because of our independent variable and not some other factor.
What did Gregor Mendel use in his experiments?
Pea plants
What is the shape of DNA molecules?
Double helix
True or False
Qualitative date is observational data that describes something that is not measured.
FALSE
Qualitative date is observational data that describes something that is not measured.
Eg colour or shape
NOT a number
What is a trend?
The general direction in which something is developing or changing over time.
Write a definition for independent variable?
In a valid experiment there is only ONE independent variable.
True or false
Recessive genes are represented using capital letters
eg H
False
Recessive genes are represented using lower case letters. Eg "h"
Dominate genes are represented using capital case letters. Eg "H"
What is the role of DNA?
To be the blueprint of life.
Define hypothesis?
An "educated" guess or predication about what will happen
Identify the axis for the:
- independent variable
- dependent variable
Independent variable = x axis
Dependent variable = y axis
What is reliability in an experiment?
Bonus point: How would you increase reliability in your experiment?
Reliability is how consistently a method measures something.
Ie. If the same result can be consistently achieved by using the same methods under the same circumstances, the measurement is considered reliable.
Bonus point: by repeating the experiment at least 10 days
What does a Punnett square measure?
Measures probability of a genetic outcome based on a specific cross genotypes
Ie the possible types of offspring that could result from a cross
There are four types of nitrogen bases:
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Adenine (A)
List the pairing roles
A - T
G - C
Explain the difference between inference and observe?
Inference - coming to a conclusion based on your exisiting knowledge
eg. Seeing a student wearing a sports team jersey and concluding the student likes that team
Observation - Something that you can see, hear, taste, smell or feel.
eg. Describing what happened in an experiment.
True or false
a) Pie or circle graphs are used ONLY to graph how much food is left.
b) Bar graphs are used to compare amounts.
c) Line graphs show relationships.
a) False - Pie or circle graphs are used to part of a whole.
b) True - Bar graphs are used to compare amounts.
c) True - Line graphs show the change of one piece of information as it relates to another - therefore it shows the relationship.
A dependent variable is the thing you are measuring.
In the below example identify the D.V:
In an experiment measuring the effect of sunlight exposure on plant growth. I have 3 plants: 1 is placed outside in direct sunlight, 1 in a room with moderate sunlight and the other in a cupboard with no sunlight.
The dependent variable is measuring how tall the plants grow in centimetres.
Which has two identical alleles on homologous?
Homozygous or Heterozygous
Homozygous = same
eg. "dd" or "HH"
Heterozygous = different
eg. "Dd" or "Ss"
How many chromosomes do human cells have?
46 chromosomes
or 23 pairs of chromosomes
What is quantitative data?
Bonus point for example.
Quantitative data is data that can be described or measured in concrete numerical terms.
Eg. Height, weight, how many more (or less), how long (time)
This is a NUMBER
List the 4 required parts of a graph
Title
Independent variable (x axis = horizonal)
Dependent variable (y axis = vertical)
Scale for each variable
Legend (only if required).
Identify: Independent variable, dependent variable, experimental group and control group.
A new sunscreen has been developed that is supposed to be more effective at preventing sunburn. 30 participants spray one arm with the new formula and spray the other arm with the leading formula. After 4 hours in the sun, their skin is evaluated for any redness.
Independent variable: New sun cream formula
Dependent variable: measuring skin redness
Experimental group: Arm with new formula
Control group: arm with leading formula (old)
Draw the punnet square for:
A green pea plant (GG) is being crossed with another green pea plant (Gg).
Then identify the phenotype and genotype?
Phenotype: All green plants
Genotype: 50% GG, 50%Gg
Ratio: 1 GG: 1 Gg
Name the 2 cell dividing processes?
Bonus points if you explain what they do?
Mitosis - cell division for growth and repair
Meiosis - special type of cell division used only fr the production of gamates (sperm or egg cells)