Ethics
These should be identified in the context of independence, evaluated for significance, and lead to safeguards to eliminate them (or reduce them to an acceptable level).
Threats
A schematic representation of a sequence of operations in an accounting system or computer program.
Flowchart, flow diagram or flow sheet.
This refers to the extent that relevant records are present and the fields in each record are populated appropriately.
Completeness
These are the three general restrictions on the authority to obligate appropriated funds.
Purpose, time, amount
The larger the desired level of confidence, the larger this parameter must be in a sample.
Sample size
These, when no safeguards are adequate to eliminate threats to independence, should result in the audit engagement being declined or terminated-in-progress.
Impairments
A written or printed statement of details, often in classified or tabular form, especially one forming an appendix or explanatory addition to another document.
Schedule
This refers to the extent that recorded data reflect the actual underlying information.
Accuracy
Fiscal law requires a Commander to have this type of authority to use funds; funds must not only be available but authorized and appropriated for expenditure.
Affirmative
This statistical term refers to the average of a set of values, often used to measure central tendency.
Mean
The threat that a financial or other interest will inappropriately influence an auditor’s judgment or behavior.
Self-interest threat
Assertions about this deal with whether assets or liabilities exist at a given date. For example, management asserts that finished goods inventories in the balance sheet are available for sale.
Existence
This, a subcategory of accuracy, refers to the need to obtain and use data that are clear and well defined enough to yield similar results in similar analyses.
Consistency
This is a statute, passed annually by Congress, which permits the appropriation of funds for programs and activities; frequently contains restrictions or limitations on the obligation of appropriated funds.
Authorization act
This range of values around a sample statistic represents the level of uncertainty and is often used to estimate a population parameter.
Confidence interval
The threat that aspects of a relationship with management or personnel of an audited entity, such as a close or long relationship, or that of an immediate or close family member, will lead an auditor to take a position that is not objective.
Familiarity threat
Assertions about this deal with whether recorded transactions have taken place during a given period. For example, management asserts that sales in the income statement represent the exchange of goods or services with customers for cash or other consideration.
Occurrence
The underlying structures and processes of the computer where data are maintained
System controls
This series of statutes within Title 31 of the United States Code that contains provisions limiting the expenditure of appropriated funds.
Antideficiency Act (ADA)
This method of sampling involves dividing the population into mutually exclusive subgroups and then randomly selecting samples from each subgroup.
Stratified sampling
The threat that results from an auditor’s taking on the role of management or otherwise performing management functions on behalf of the audited entity, which will lead an auditor to take a position that is not objective.
Management participation threat
Communication with outside parties to authenticate internal evidence; can be used to obtain sufficient, appropriate evidence; corroborates representations by management.
Confirmation
Edit checks, Access Controls, and System-assigned data, are some examples of these.
System controls
A framework for fiscal analysis- these are the fiscal law "5 Ws"
Who x2, what, when, where, why. (Who benefits, who performs mission, what mission, when obligation occurs, where mission, why mission)
These five types of conditions justify Potential Monetary Benefits (PMB)
Collection of funds, reduction of excess inventory, avoidance of unnecessary expenditures, avoidance of costs, efficiency