Meanings of Health
Give examples of Primordial, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary levels of prevention.
Primordial: Education, literacy, working conditions, employment, social and physical environment/circumstances
Primary: Vaccinations, Health promotion,
Secondary: Treating early stages of disease, screening
Tertiary: Rehab
Describe what social determinants of health are and give one example
conditions in the environments where people spend their daily lives in that affect a wide range of their health outcomes and risks. Examples could include: access to nutritious foods, safe housing, discrimination, violence, polluted air and water.
Describe principles and practices of good communication with clients
Steps: Stating the case, clarifying the message, seeking feedback, being receptive to feedback when it is being received.
Factors: Listening, Flexibility, Silence, Humor, Touch, and Space.
List the stages in the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change
1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance
What are the goals of health education?
Help individuals, families, and communities achieve, through their own actions and initiative, optimal states of health, as well as improving health literacy.
Differentiate between the models of health: Clinical, Role Performance, Adaptive, Eundaimonistive, Ecological
Clinical: Absence of signs and symptoms of disease
Role Performance: Health based on whether a person can perform societal roles
Adaptive: Ability to adapt positively to change
Eudaimonistic Model: Flourishing or living well
Ecological: Comprehensive and multidimensional, interconnection between people and physical/social environments
What is a cultural aspect/ value that Arab Americans, Asian Americans, and Latino/Hispanic Americans share in common
Family; The elders are respected and families tend to be big
What are the components/characteristics of a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship?
Purposeful Communication, Rapport, Trust, Empathy, Goal Direction
Describe the steps in the nursing process as it relates to health promotion
1. Assessment
2. Outcome Criteria
3. Process Criteria
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
What components of the Health Belief Model and Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory help nurses consider what to know about clients in health education programs?
susceptibility
threat/seriousness of disease/illness
benefits and barriers of treatment
self-efficacy
Give examples of how these Healthy People 2030 goals apply to individuals or different ages (based on group discussion)
(wrote on a separate doc :3)
Name at least two differences between race and ethnicity
Race is a social construct that is associated with power and race is based on physical and behavioral characteristics, while ethnicity is based off historically derived ideas that allows people to identify with groupings of their ethnicity. Ethnicity focuses more on the ways of living, region of origin, language, etc.
How do values influence a therapeutic relationship?
Care decisions are made according to the client's personal values.
How does cultural competence by the nurse affect health promotion for a client?
Builds communication and allows trust to be indicated.
What information would be included in the nursing assessment of a client in a health education program?
Age, developmental stage, level of education
Health beliefs
Motivation, readiness to learn
Health risks
Current knowledge and skills
Barriers and facilitators to learning
Identify nursing roles in health promotion and protection: Advocate, Care Manager, Consultant, Deliverer of Services, Educator, Healer, Researcher
Advocate: Nurses help individuals obtain: what they are entitled to receive through the health care system; Try and make the system more responsive to individual and community needs; Help people develop skills to advocate for themselves
Care Manager: Assist the individual in navigating the complexities of health care and health decision-making
Consultant: May provide knowledge about health promotion and disease prevention to individuals and groups as a consultant.
Deliverer of Service: Deliver direct services such as: Health ed, flu vaccine, counseling in health promotion
Educator: Teachers, must know essential facts about how people learn
Healer: Help individuals integrate and balance the various parts of their lives
Researcher: Nurses need to use evidence-based finding as their foundation for clinical decision making
How does transcultural nursing help nurses understand culturally diverse populations
Nurses have to focus on discovering and explaining cultural factors that influence the well-being of an individual and then figuring out how to provide culturally based appropriate care since everyone has different values/practices
What practice can help the nurse increase self awareness?
Reflection
What are Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns?
Health Perception-Health Management, Nutritional-Metabolic, Elimination, Activity-Exercise, Sleep-Rest, Cognitive-Perceptual, Self-Perception-Self-Concept, Role-Relationship, Sexuality-Reproductive, Coping-Stress Tolerance, and Values-Beliefs
What can a nurse do to facilitate change in clients who need health education?
Assess the behavior
Educate the person about the need for and benefits of change
Motivate the person using personalized messages
Assess and offer resources to decrease barriers to change
Assist the person with goal-setting
Practice the skills needed to change behavior
Plan ways to monitor and maintain the behavior change
List overarching Healthy People Goals
1. Attain healthy thriving lives and well-being. Free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
2. Eliminate disparities, achieve healthy equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all.
3. Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining full potential for health and well-being for all.
4. Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages
5. Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all.
What healthcare issues predisposes each of these groups to health disparities; Immigrants, the homeless, and the LGBTQ+. (Name one issue for each of these groups)
Immigrants- ineligibility for medical coverage
Homeless- poor access/inadequate resources; can’t do much about their health
LGBTQ+- the stigma or discrimination that they can face when disclosing their sexual orientation
What are the different stages of development in a therapeutic relationship?
Orientation/Introductory, Working, and Termination
What are some examples of each of Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns?
Answers are on a separate doc.
List and describe/define the 3 key concepts that should be considered by the nurse educator
Health literacy: the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
Health disparities: Systematic health differences that adversely affect socially disadvantaged groups
Empowerment: belief one can make a difference in one’s health