1
what are the two sides of the cerebrum called?
cerebral hemispheres
what are gyrus?
the bumps on the surface of the brain
what are sulcus?
the grooves or folds on the surface of the brain
what is the cerebral cortex?
the outermost layer of the cerebrum where a huge portion of the cell bodies or soma in the brain's neurons are found
what is the pituitary gland known for?
releasing important growth hormones
what is the purpose of the hypothalamus?
to mediate the action of the pituitary gland and many unconscious functions of the brain that are critical for homeostasis
the process of changing short-term memories into more stable long-term memories?
memory consolidation
what is the crucial region for long-term memory and spatial navigation called?
the hippocampus
what is the function of the amygdala?
to regulate emotion and fear; critical for processing threat, stress, reward, and arousal
what is the prefrontal cortex?
The parts of the brain located in front of the motor cortex that are largely related to thinking, feeling, and cognition
what is the temporal lobe responsible for?
auditory sound, speech processing, music, memory, and object recognition
what is the lobe at the back of the cerebrum that largely works to process and analyze visual information coming in from the eyes?
the occipital lobe
the frontal lobe contains regions related to?
complex thinking or cognition: decision making, logical problem solving, future planning, emotion, attention, inhibition, speech production, and social behaviors
What is the lobe that processes touch from the body, skin, and organs as well as temperature, pain, and body position?
the parietal lobe
what is the "little brain" and what is its purpose?
What system controls involuntary responses to regulate all kinds of aspects of the brain and body?
the autonomic nervous system
what is the purpose of the thalamus?
acts as a relay station between the body and brain; plays a role in consciousness, emotional behaviors, motor control, and cognition
what circuit is responsible for planned, voluntary movement (extending your arm) and preventing unwanted or excess movement (twitches, flailing, etc.)
the basal ganglia
what is the narrow tube where CSF can be found in the spinal cord called?
the central canal
what are the three parts of the brainstem and their main functions?
midbrain: intergrate visual and auditory information
pons: facials movements, chewing, hearing, balance
medulla: relay touch sensations, swallowing, vomiting, regulating blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, etc.
what are the four sections of the spinal cord?
the cervical spinal cord, thoracic spinal cord, lumbar spinal cord, sacral spinal cord
what is the spongy material that lines each ventricle and produces new cerebrospinal fluid?
choroid plexus
what is the role of the peripheral nervous system?
helps the brain stay in touch with the physical environment and allows your brain to respond to it by using ganglia to leave the central nervous system to relay info back and forth between the brain and body
what is the parasympathetic nervous system and what does it focus on?
responsible for "rest and digest" and focuses on digesting food, growth and cell division, immune responses, energy storage, and other aspects of homeostasis
what is the sympathetic nervous system and what does it target?
the system responsible for the "fight or flight" response and it targets the heart, the lungs, the digestive system, the secretory glands, and the eyes