Sociological Perspectives
the study of human behavior and interactions
What is Sociology?
What is material culture?
What are traditional American values?
when you are assigned a label based on personal qualities and you have no control over that label
What is an ascribed status?
four major features: two or more people, interaction, shared expectations, common identity
What is a group?
Anthropology, psychology, sociology, economics, political science, and history
What are the social sciences?
technology, symbols, language, values, and norms
What are the five components of culture?
rewards or punishments used to enforce norms
What are sanctions?
When you have earned a status through skill or knowledge
What is an achieved status?
group of two where each is dependent on the other for the group's survival
What is a dyad?
father of sociology, believed that forces for order and stability held society together, society changes through forces for conflict and change
Who is Auguste Comte?
Belief that some cultures/races are superior to others
What is ethnocentrism?
rewards or punishments that are given by an organization such as a school or business
What is a formal sanction?
exchange, competition, conflict, cooperation, accommodation
What are examples of social interactions?
Small group of people who interact over a long period of time on a direct and personal basis
What is a primary group?
believed that people are product of their environment, people's behavior is based on their social interactions & upbringing
Who is Emile Durkheim?
cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than by applying the standards of another culture
What is relativism?
when some changes take longer to occur or don't occur at all
What is cultural lag?
society where food production comes from human/animal labor, mostly hunter-gatherer
What is a preindustrial society?
ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules & procedures
What is a bureaucracy?
The three types of perspectives that one can view society through
What is conflict, theoretical and functionalist perspective?
when a group outright rejects the values of the society and will reject traditional norms and beliefs
What is counterculture?
long term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change
What are social movements?
brings statuses to life, defines patterns of interaction between statuses, and it has expectations/performance
What is a role?
Division of labor, employment based on formal qualifications, rules & regulations, ranking of authority, promotion and advancement all make up...
What is Weber's model of Bureaucracy?