Atoms
What are the essential elements for life?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
What are the bonds WITHIN water molecules? Between separate water molecules?
Polar covalent (partial charges), hydrogen
What property of carbon makes it allows it to form large, complex molecules?
Tetravalent
What are the 4 main kinds of macromolecules?
Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
Something is acidic if the pH is....
<7
What is the correct order of bonds from weakest to strongest?
Van der Waals, Hydrogen, Ionic, Covalent
What is the term for a substance that minimizes the changes in pH?
Buffer
4 (2 per carbon)
What is the covalent bond that holds together two monosaccharides in a carb?
Glycosidic linkage
True or False: All isotopes are stable.
False!
What determines the electronegativity of an atom?
The number or protons and their distance from electrons
What is the molecular mass of glucose? (C6H12O6)
Carbon: (C) Atomic # = 6, atomic mass = 12.011
Hydrogen: (H) Atomic # = 1, atomic mass = 1.008
Oxygen: (O) Atomic # = 8, atomic mass = 15.993
= 180.12
What is the difference between cis- and trans- isomers?
Cis - when the same groups of atoms appear in a structure, on the same side of our double bond
trans - when the same groups of atoms appear on different sides of a double bond
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats = only single bonds, solid at room temp
Unsaturated fats = double bonds, liquid at room temp
What property of water allows it to moderate temperature?
High specific heat
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the isotope of Chlorine, Cl-37 that has a charge of -1?
Protons = 17, Neutrons = 20, Electrons = 18
Which has more thermal energy - a small match or a tall, lukewarm glass of water? Why?
The water - more volume.
Which of the functional groups discussed in class in NONPOLAR?
Methyl
What determines the confirmation of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
Describe the name and charge of each atom in an IONIC bond?
Cation = positively charged ion that donates an electron
Anion = negatively charged ion that receives an electron
What are the four properties of water that contribute to life on earth?
1. Cohesion/Adhesion
2. Decreased density upon freezing (expands)
3. High specific heat
4. Solvent for polar and ionic compounds
Draw 3 functional groups on the board and name them.
(boardwork)
What is the correct order for the "flow of information" in protein synthesis?
DNA --> RNA --> protein
What type of bonds joins 2 hydrogen atoms in H2?
Nonpolar covalent