Neuroplasticity
What is the difference between micro-level and macro-level?
Micro-level is neuroplasticity. Macro-level is behavioral plasticity.
The brains capacity to change happens at EITHER of these levels. Can either be adaptive or maladaptive.
What is the medical term for stroke?
Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA)
The deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure
Functions the subcortical structures are responsible for
Usually those beneath the level of awareness
Number of pairs of spinal nerves
31
Name examples of Macro-level behavioral changes.
restoration, reorganization, compensation, habituation, restitution, substitution, and new learning
What causes a stroke?
an interruption of blood supply to the brain, usually a blood vessel burst or a blockage by a clot
Hemisphere containing both Broca's area and Wernicke's area
Left hemisphere
Four primary structures of the subcortex
Brainstem, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and thalamus
Only spinal nerve with a direct role in speech
Phrenic nerve
What is the neurophysiologic level's recovery? Compensation?
Recovery: the restoration of the function within an area of the cortex that was initially lost after the injury
Compensation: occurs when a different neural tissue takes over the function lost after injury
What is the acronym for stroke and what does it stand for?
F - face
A - arms
S - speech
T - time
Temporal lobe structure that moves experiences from your short-term memory into your long-term memory
Hippocampus
Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum
Vermis
Cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx through various branches
Vagus (CN X)
Name the 5 behavioral mechanisms of recovery.
1. restitution-restoration-reactivation
2. reorganization-reconstruction-substitution within a functional system
3. relearning
4. facilitation
5. functional substitution-functional reorganization-functional compensation
What are the two types of strokes and what is the difference between them?
Ischemic: blockage of blood vessels
Hemorrhage: burst of blood vessels
Frontal lobe structure that issues motor plans for speech
Left primary motor cortex
Three functions of the basal ganglia
Initiation of movement, muscle tone maintenance, and inhibition of extraneous movements
How taste is transmitted through our tongue
From the posterior 1/3 of the tongue to the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue to the facial nerve (CN VII)
What are the time-dependent phases of recovery?
acute, subacute, and chronic
What severe stroke are you most likely to see a more severe aphasia? What type of stroke is it?
Watershed stroke; ischemic
Lesions to these occipital lobe landmarks may cause visual agnosia
Visual association areas
Location of the thalamus
On top of the brainstem, under the cerebral hemispheres
Four branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, and mandibular