Famous Individuals
German inventor and printer; he invented a moveable type that led to books being more widely available.
Gutenberg
A religious movement that split the Christian church and led to the development of a number of new churches
Protestant Reformation
The Catholic Church’ series of reforms in response to the spread of Protestantism.
Counter-Reformation
English dramatist and poet; he wrote the work of Romeo and Juliet.
Shakespeare
Having to do with worldly, as opposed to religious matters
secular
A well-educated poet, supported some of the most talented artists of the Renaissance.
Medici
German monk whose protests and theses against the Catholic Church led to calls for reform
Martin Luther
A Catholic nun who reformed the Carmelite order.
Teresa of Avila
Italian painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. He painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Michelangelo
A movement, “rebirth”, that led to remarkable developments in art, literature, science, and learning.
Renaissance
Wrote Utopia, a book that describes a perfect society.
Sir Thomas Moore
King of England; the Catholic Church’s refusal to annul his marriage led him to establish the Church of England.
Henry VIII
A group of delegates who met to examine the corruption and abuses of the Catholic Church and to implement reforms to the church.
Council of Trent
He wrote The Prince, which advised rulers to put aside morals and do whatever it takes to maintain order and political power.
Machiavelli
A government ruled by religious leaders who claim God’s authority.
theocracy
Worked to implement reforms to the Catholic Church; established schools for priests.
Charles Borromeo (bohr-roh-may-oh)
He wrote on the need for a pure and simple Christian life. This angered the Catholic Church.
Eramus
A church court that tried people who were accused of being Protestant, witchcraft, or breaking church law.
Roman Inquisition
Italian painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist. He painted the Mona Lisa.
Leonardo
An intellectual movement during the Renaissance that focused on grammar, poetry, history, Latin and Greek languages, and human achievement
humanism
Society of Jesus; worked to reform the Catholic Church through missions, schools, and universities.
Jesuits
Preached the idea of predestination; no matter what you do either good or bad will change your end.
Calvin
Pardons issued by the Roman Catholic Church to forgive one’s sins for the exchange of money. This led to much corruption by church officials.
indulgences
He wrote The Courtier, which describes the perfect Renaissance gentleman and/or gentlewoman.
Castiglione
Fight for control of Italy which helped spread the Italian Renaissance throughout Europe.
Italian Wars