Physical Development
T/F: Proportional changes are among the most pronounced changes in middle and late childhood.
true
Awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others is referred to as
theory of mind
Gender ________ involve(s) a sense of being male or female. It is usually acquired by the time a child reaches the age of 3.
identity
emotional coaching parent ___ their children with their emotions
assist
Type of parenting style that places limits, but still encourages child's independence
Authoritative parenting
T/F : Girls usually outperform boys in their use of fine motor skills
True
The awareness that altering an object's appearance does not change its basic properties is called
Conservation
In the United States, which of the following is/are the leading cause of death in young children?
Accidents
When examining children's peer status, ________ children are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked.
controversial
what kind of parenting style takes place when a parent is very uninvolved in their child's life
neglectful parenting
Myelination in the areas of the brain related to hand-eye coordination is not complete until ________ years of age.
4
During Piaget's _____ stage, children begin to represent the world with words, images and drawing. They also form stable concepts and begin to reason.
pre-operational
Taylor attends a kindergarten in which he is given considerable freedom to choose activities that interest him and suit his particular learning style. His teacher serves more as a facilitator than an instructor. This philosophy of education is called the ________ approach.
Montessori
The range of tasks that are too difficult for the child to master alone but that can be learned with the guidance and assistance of adults or more-skilled children is called
the zone of proximal development
What is required from the care giver to enable secure attachment?
Loving warm relationship, attentiveness, good communication and understanding, physical contact and soothing
At what age do children begin to show motor manipulative skills similar to the abilities of adults?
10 to 12 years
According to Vygotsky, children's cognitive development depends on
social interactions and the cultural context in which they live.
Disorders that are characterized by problems in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors are referred to as
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Erikson's psychosocial stage associated with early childhood is
initiative vs. guilt
Which of the following parenting styles often results in children who have difficulty controlling their behavior and are noncompliant?
indulgent parenting
Total ___ volume stabilizes by the end of late childhood
brain
________ is Piaget's first stage of moral development, in which rules are conceived of as unchangeable properties of the world.
heteronomous morality
Mental age divided by chronological age and then multiplied by 100 yields a(n)
intelligence quotient
Kaya's mom says Kaya can bake the cookies as long as she cleans up after herself. Kaya's mom is encourage a child's sense of _____
Industry
What 3 main factors primarily affect the development of secure attachment
Biology, family/parents, environment