Industrialization and Business
What term describes when a single company or group controls an entire industry or market, often to the detriment of competition?
Monopoly
Which philosophy applied Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to society, suggesting that the strongest should thrive while the weak should not receive assistance?
Social Darwinism
What were TWO labor issues that came out of the Gilded Age?
1) Wealth Gap
2) Unsafe working conditions (fire hazards, dangerous machines, polluted air)
3) Child Labor
4) Low wages
5) Long work days and work weeks
What was Jane Addams most well-known for?
Hull Houses or Settlement Houses for Immigrant women
What was the 18th Amendment?
Prohibition = The outlaw of alcohol in the US
This economic ideology advocated for minimal government intervention in business and the belief that the economy would thrive best if left alone.
Laissez-Faire
What was the successful outcome of the Women's Suffrage Movement (BE SPECIFIC!)
Which labor union, led by Samuel Gompers, was founded in 1886 and focused on advocating for better working conditions and wages for skilled workers?
AFL (American Federation of Labor)
In the landmark Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, what was the legal doctrine established regarding racial segregation?
Separate but Equal
What is a Political Machine?
Corrupt political organizations that controlled city governments and offered services in exchange for political support?
What were large combinations of businesses formed to dominate an industry, often through the elimination of competition?
This political movement in the late 19th century represented farmers and rural interests, advocating for reforms such as a graduated income tax, bimetallism, and government regulation of railroads.
The Populists (The People's Party)
What infamous event occurred on May 4, 1886, in Chicago when a peaceful labor protest turned violent after a bomb exploded, resulting in the deaths of police officers and civilians, and leading to the trial and execution of several labor leaders?
Haymarket Riot
Who was the African American leader who believed in immediate civil rights for Black Americans, higher education, and political activism to achieve equality?
WEB DuBois
What was the name of the Political Machine of New York during the Gilded Age and what was the name of the Political Boss who ran this machine?
Tammany Hall + Boss Tweed
Which industrialist and philanthropist believed that the wealthy had a moral responsibility to use their wealth to benefit society and wrote an essay titled "The Gospel of Wealth"?
Carnegie
What term describes the belief that society should apply Christian ethics to social problems, such as poverty and inequality?
Social Gospel
What famous labor strike in 1894 centered around a railway company's decision to cut workers' wages and ended with federal intervention by President Grover Cleveland?
Pullman Strike
This African American leader emphasized vocational education and economic self-sufficiency as a means to uplift the Black community.
Booker T. Washington
What was the 17th Amendment?
Direct Election of Senators
What federal law, passed in 1890, aimed to curb the power of monopolies and promote fair competition in business and HOW was it used?
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (Used against labor unions)
What was the key difference between preservationists and conservationists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries regarding the environment?
Preservationists advocated for protecting natural areas from all human intervention, while conservationists aimed to manage natural resources for responsible and sustainable use.
Which Amendment aimed to close the wealth gap and HOW did it aim to close the wealth gap?
16th Amendment: Graduated Income Tax
What was "New" about "New Immigration"?
Their origin: Southern and Eastern Europe
Who gave the "Cross of Gold" Speech and what was his main point?
William Jennings Bryant: The Gold Standard would be a burden that the farmers and common folk would carry and it would destroy them.