Theoretical Models
Chomsky believed that individuals are born with a universal grammar wired into their brains which are acquired within the first few years.
What is the Nativist Model?
A hypothesis of the number of emotional factors which contribute to the acquisition of a second language.
What is the Affective Filter Hypothesis?
This is used when the student builds L2 in order to mainstream as quickly as possible in the regular classroom.
What is Transitional Bilingual Education?
The child is between 3 - 4 years old and uses a pen/pencil/marker to scribble on page with intentional strokes, but not letters.
What is Stage 1, the Pre-Communicative?
Students learn the rules of grammar through induction and generalize the rules from practice and experience.
What is the Direct Approach?
Piaget believed individuals develop linguistic skills in order to control their environment.
What is the Cognitive Model?
The hypothesis that learning grammatical rules affects language acquisition.
What is the Monitor Hypothesis?
Teaching curriculum with high-priority content topics, academic language development, and explicit language instruction.
What is Cognitive Academic Language Learning?
The stage of development where a 4 - 5 year old child has underdeveloped letter formation in which one letter may be used to represent a word.
What is Stage 2, the Pre-Phonetic or Semi-phonetic?
What is the Reading Approach?
The subconscious process by which vocabulary and the basic rules of grammar are slowly and steadily absorbed.
What is the Acquisition Learning Model?
The hypothesis that certain grammatical structures will almost always be acquired before others regardless of the age of the learner.
What is the Natural Order Hypothesis?
Instruction that is offered entirely in English and the native language is used only for clarification.
What is Immersion?
The stage where children are between 5 - 6 years old and use their phonic knowledge to invent words they need but cannot spell.
What is Stage 3, the Phonetic Stage.
This approach that emphasizes a strictly organized syllabus of language that divides language into discrete units of instruction
What is the Functional Notional Approach?
A model of the four systems developed by Bronfenbrenner.
What is the Ecological Model?
The hypothesis in which the addition of a small amount of incomprehensible information will encourage the listener to continue expanding his vocabulary and overall sense of grammatical structures.
What is the Input Hypothesis?
Intended to lower the affective filter so students may speak in their own language.
What is Suggestopedia?
The stage of development of 7 - 10 years where children move away from a heavy reliance on phonics.
What is Stage 4 - the Transitional Stage?
The meaning that all information disseminated in the class should be understandable to the students.
What is the Sheltered English Approach?
The interpretation of language acquisition which emphasizes the relationship of the newborn with its caregivers.
What is the Social Interactionist Model?
Two independent ways to develop linguistic skills through acquisition and learning.
Students are taught a language directly without using the students' native language to explain new words or grammar in the target language.
What is the Direct Method?
The age of 10-18 years when the speller knows the language system of basic rules and generalizations are mostly correct.
What is Stage 5 - The Correct or Competent Stage?
The ability to express oneself in different social contexts that emphasizes conversation.
What is the Socio-cognitive Approach?