Category 1
Collects information on the dark figure of crime
NCVS
What is the term that refers to the criminal act element of a crime?
Actus Reus
Explain Samuel Walker's top tier in explaining his wedding cake model of justice.
High-Profile Cases
______ is an explanation of crime that assumes crime and victimization are highest in places where three factors come together in time and place: motivated offenders, suitable or attractive targets, and absence of a guardian.
Routine Activities Theory
______ assumes that individuals are rational and weigh the potential benefits against the potential costs of engaging in a criminal act.
Rational Choice Theory
Differential associations vary in all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. duration
b. frequency
c. priority
d. moderation
Moderation
The four constructs of social bonding include....
Attachment, Commitment, Involvement, and Belief
According to Sykes and Matza, when it comes to choosing between complete conformity or complete nonconformity, youths ______ these two extremes.
a. make a consistent choice to one of
b. Shrift or drift between
c. completely reject both of
d. express they are confused by
B. Shift or drift between.
According to Beccaria, perfecting ______ is the “surest but most difficult way to prevent crimes.”
Education
Cesare Beccaria is known as all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. Father of Criminal Justice
b. Father of the Classical School of Criminology
c. Father of Deterrence Theory
d. Father of Policing
D. The father of policing.
______ assumes that all people would naturally commit crimes if not for restraints on the selfish tendencies that exist in every individual.
Social Control Theory
The guilty mine?
Mens Rea, Intent
An insanity defense test that asks if the defendant could or could not control his or her actions.
Irresistable Impulse
A legal test of insanity that hinges in the defendant’s inability to know right from wrong; originated in an English court case in 1843, making it the first major test for insanity.
M'Naghten Rule
A type of criminal defense where the accused claims that they would not have done the criminal act if it were not for substantial encouragement by police.
Entrapment
The theory of punishment that assumes that people will refrain from crime because of fear of punishment is ______.
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. just deserts
B. Deterrence Theory
Which theory of punishment is most likely to be effective for dealing with "career criminals"?
A. Retribution
B. Incapacitation
C. Rehabilitation
D. deterrence
B. Incapacitation
________prevents future crime by altering a defendant’s behavior
Rehabilitation
2) What is the Id?:
a)Part of the psyche that controls impulses.
b)Part of the psyche that reduces anxiety.
c)A description of innate instinctual needs
.d)Part of the psyche that controls our morals.
C. Innate instructional needs.
A type of criminal defense where the accused admits to the criminal act, but maintains that they are not blameworthy because of extenuating circumstances.
Excuse
Distinguish between general ands specific deterrence.
We should all know this!
The Model Penal Code test for insanity that includes elements of the M'Naughten rule as well as elements of the irresistible impulse test.
Substantial Capacity Test
The belief that human behavior is caused by forces outside an individual's control is associated with ______.
Positivistic School
The ______ model finds its roots in the medical model.
Rehabilitation
Who proposed two "ideal type" models undergirding the operation of the criminal justice system?
Packer
The due process model emphasizes ______.
The rights of the accused.
The United States' longest criminal data college program is called ______.
UCR
One limitation of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is that it only records crimes committed against people over the age of ______.
12
A major national survey designed to measure the dark figure of crime.
NCVS
Crime statistic measurement system has replaced the UCR?
NIBRS
Merton's classification of those who accept the goals but rejects the means is known as______.
Innovation
B. Feeling a person's skull.
________ is the study of the skull.
Craniometry
What is secondary deviance?
We all know is!!!
Merton identifies those who reject the goals and reject the means - those who escape from society - are known as __________.
Retreatists
_________ is the practice of evaluating a person's character from their facial features and general outward appearance.
physiognomy