INTRO to BIO and BIOCHEM
What concept is the overarching theme of Biology?
Evolution
Water is a ___________ covalent molecule and its many unique properties are due to ____________ bonds/forces.
1-polar
2-hydrogen
Describe a glycosidic linkage.
A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides.
The heads of the cell membrane are ___________ while the tails are ________________.
1-hydrophilic
2-hydrophobic
A spontaneous reaction will have a ______free energy.
negative
Plants, animals, protists and fungi are this type of cell
Eukarytoic
If a solution has a pH of 6, what is the pOH and [H+]?
pOH =8
[H+]=1.0 X 10-6M
Chitin and cellulose are examples of ___________ _________________.
Storage polysaccharides
Organelle in a cell where proteins are made is called the _______________. The __________ ________ is covered by these organelles and is a network of membranes used in cell transport.
ribosome
rough ER(Endoplasmic reticulum)
A _______________pathway is marked by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones with a release in energy.
catabolic
Fill in th emissing words:
Cells-->________-->Organs---> _________ ---> Organisms
1-Tissues
2-Organ systems
Ibuprofen an Albuterol are examples of Enantiomers. What is an enantiomer?
Isomers that are mirror images, where one is biologically active and the other is not OR they have different effects.
How many amino acids are there AND what type of bonds holds amino acids together?
20
AND
peptide bond
The ___________ _______________ is used to receive, sort, ship and make products. __________ are used for storage/movement of food and water.
Golgi apparatus
Vacuoles
State the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
1st-energy cannot be created or destroyed, only change forms
2-entropy of the universe is always increasing
The subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom are ______________ & ___________.
protons & neutrons
What functional group is this a picture of?
C=O
!
OH
Carboxyl
LEVEL of protein structure that involves alpha coils and beta sheets.
secondary
The endosymbiont theory states that these 2 cellular organelles arose from earlier, simpler prokaryotic organisms engulfing other cells.
mitochondria and chloroplast
What does ATP stand for?
AND
Can ATP be regenerated?
Adenosine triphosphate
YES, through adding phosphate to ADP.
Electrons found in the outermost shell of an atom are called _________________.
valence electrons
Name of the process where monomers are connected with the loss of a water molecules
dehydration synthesis
List or draw & label the 3 components of a nucleic acid such as DNA/RNA.
phosphate group
sugar
nitrogenous base
In an isotonic cell, there will be no net movement of water across the plasma membrane. If that same cell is placed in a _____________ solution, the cell will lose water, shrivel and possible die.
hypertonic
Where do enzymes and substrates bind together?
and
List 2 factors that can impact the effectiveness of an enzyme.