Volcanoes
When magma erupts out of a volcano and spills onto the surface, we call it ________________
LAVA
The outer-most layer of the earth is called the:
Crust
Would older fossils be found DEEPER underground or CLOSER TO THE SURFACE?
deeper underground
Why do they call it the rock "cycle?" (hint - what does cycle mean?)
it repeats itself over and over again
Minerals are inorganic. True or False?
True - they are not made from living things
Volcanoes mostly appear in a pattern around the edge of the Pacific Ocean. Scientists call this pattern the ____________ of _____________
RING OF FIRE
The outer-most layer of the earth is divided into giant pieces called:
tectonic plates
What are fossils?
The remains or traces of living things
Which type of rock is formed by the cooling of lava or magma?
Igneous Rock
What is the difference between rocks and minerals?
Rocks are made up of minerals (minerals are the "ingredients" that make up rocks)
This type of volcano is typically very WIDE - much wider than it is tall! Examples of these can be found in the islands of Hawaii
SHIELD VOLCANO
When two plates push into each other, it forms a ______________ boundary. When two plates pull away from each other, this forms a _______________ boundary.
Convergent, Divergent
Explain how a fossil of a fish can be found in the same area as a fossil of a land animal
The environment has changed over time/
The fish fossil is found deeper than the land animal fossil
Name two examples of weathering
Root wedging and ice wedging
"metallic," "vitreous," and "dull" are all ways to describe a mineral's _____________
luster
This type of volcano's name comes from the LAYERS of hardened lava flow, ash, and cinder that build up over time
Composite Volcano
This type of plate boundary, which occurs when two plates slide past each other, usually causes earthquakes
Transform boundary
Name one way a fossil can form.
*Bonus for extra 100 points: name two ways fossils can form.
1.The remains of an animal or plant are covered with mud/clay/layers of sediment, leaving an imprint after the animal or plant breaks down.
2. An imprint can be filled with minerals from water, which harden over time, forming a 3D cast fossil.
3. A plant or animal can become trapped in sticky tree resin/sap which hardens into amber.
Metamorphic rock is made when intense _________ and ___________ causes a rock to undergo a transformation
heat and pressure
Name four tests scientists use to identify minerals
*Bonus for 100 extra points: name 5 tests
Hardness, Color, Luster, Streak, Cleavage
What type of tectonic plate boundary often causes the formation of volcanoes?
Bonus: *for an extra 100 points, use the correct name of the types of plates involved*
Convergent boundary
Bonus: an oceanic plate slides under a continental plate
Tectonic plates are divided into two types: ___________________ plates and ___________________ plates
oceanic / continental
Name one way that scientists can determine how old a fossil is
*Bonus for extra 100 points: name two ways
1. By figuring out the age of the rock in the layer the fossil is found in
2. By using the known age of the other fossils found in the same layer ("index fossils")
Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are compacted and compressed in a process called ______________________
lithification
Why is color the least accurate method for identifying minerals?
Minerals of different types can be the same color. Minerals of the same type can be different colors.