International Encounters
What were the reasons for European exploration?
Portuguese: good soil, gold, spice trade, expulsion of Muslims
Europe: God, good, glory
Who succeeded Henry VIII after he died?
Mary, then Elizabeth
Who translated the Bible into German?
Luther
Who was Thomas Cromwell vs Thomas Moore
Cromwell was elected into the anglican church and Moore was killed when he couldn't give Henry a divorce
What was the act of supremacy?
Henry the VIII act of establishing himself as head of the church of england
Explain the difference between Portuguese and Spanish expansion
The portuguese never owned their land and had trade posts along Africa to get money from taxing boats- Spain colonized the land and extracted money from the people living there. Spain also had encomienda and Portugal did not
Why were the Fuggers important?
What did Pope Leo X do and why was he important in the Reformation?
He needed to finance St. Peter's Basilica so he started selling indulgences. He then excommunicated Luther
What was the field of the cloth of gold?
It was the tents of Henry VIII at the summit where he met Francis I
Who marketed indulgences all over europe?
Johann Tetzel
Why did Columbus end up having three voyages?
financed after Isabella saw the Americas as a new frontier for reconquista
through prince-electors, fugger family gold got him the vote, he was the king of Spain and was the holy roman emperor. also nephew of Catherine of aragon
Why was the Council of Constance important for the Reformation and who was involved in this unit?
The council rejected the Reformation and burned Jan Huss because of it.
Why was the Catholic Church beneficial for people during this time?
It was a source of income for those who held positions
What was the difference between the catholic church and the refomed church?
No pope, no mass only the lord's supper, no color, no good deeds only salvation through faith
Who colonized the Philippines and why was it important?
The Philippines established constant access to Chinese markets through Manila and to Alcapulco. First instance of globalization
Who denied Henry VIII a divorce from Catherine of Aragon and why?
Pope Clement VII because Charles V was Catherine's nephew and he didn't want to upset him.
What were the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church?
baptism, confirmation, eucharist, penance, annointing the sick, matrimony, ordination of priests
Transubstiation- calvin= christ is present during eucharist, zwingli= eucharist is symbolic
calvin=more radical, Zwingli= more moderate
Who believed in double predestination?
Zwingli and Calvin
What were the stages of the circumnavigation of Africa and who did it?
portuguese did it. 1. conquer cuenta 2. dias around cape of good hope 3. vasco de gama to india
Who was Francis I and what did he do?
He attacked Milan and won it over- one of the three candidates for holy roman emperor and met with Henry VII to overthrow Charles V
Because of the printing press and the context of literacy in Europe.
What was the Marbug Colloquy?
Luther and Zwingli met but couldn't agree on the eucharist
What was the Brethren of the Common Life and which theologist studied it?
Devotion Moderna- Martin Luther