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What is the risk of insomnia for women compared to men?
It is higher for women.
The range amount of sleep the National Sleep Foundation recommend adults get.
between 7 and 9 hours.
The parasomnia classification that includes confusional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and sleep-related eating disorder (SRED).
NREM-related parasomnias
The effect on parents of a child with ASD who is a poor sleeper.
They experience poor sleep and higher levels of stress.
Caffeine works to prevent us from feeling sleepy because it is an adenosine __________
antagonist
Which group appears to be more vulnerable to sleep difficulty?
women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
The hunger inducing hormone that increases with insufficient sleep.
ghrelin
Unusually timed activations of the motor cortex, coupled with increased slow waves in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) seem to cause
NREM parasomnias
What was a major change regarding the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in the DSM-5 as compared to earlier versions?
sleep disorders and psychiatric disorders can now be diagnosed independently.
Which drug(s) are potentially very risky to use as a treatment for narcolepsy due to high rates of abuse?
Sodium oxybate/ gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
One research study found estradiol impacts sleep by increasing arousal in which animal?
rodents
Law enforcement can measure alcohol or drug impaired driving. What about sleepy driving?
There is no quantifiable roadside test for driver fatigue and sleepiness.
Sleep behavior that entails complex and violent behaviors sometimes associated with dreamlike thoughts and images best describes
REM sleep behavior disorder
Individuals with ADHD are at risk for more sleeping difficulties. Which brain systems appear impacted in individuals' with ADHD?
The dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems, which are major wake-promoting neurotransmitters.
Which drugs are non amphetamine stimulants?
Modafinil and armodafinil
The follicular/proliferative and luteal/secretory are phases of what cycle?
The menstrual cycle
What % of all motor vehicle accidents are caused by lack of sleep?
23%
The best treatment for sleep enuresis after age 5
an alarm system that activates when the sensor becomes wet, warning the child they need to urinate.
What kind of disorder episode can take place in transition from stages N2 to N3?
Panic disorder sometimes entails a panic episode
Which type of drugs work by blocking reuptake of dopamine in the ventral periaqueductal grey area, norepinephrine in the locus coeruleus, and serotonin in the dorsal raphe nucleus?
amphetamines
Which particular hormonal medication combo was found to increase NREM stage 2 sleep?
progestin-estradiol contraceptive pills
Sleep restriction causes activation of inflammatory pathways, which increases risk for which 3 health problems listed in the text?
diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and rheumatoid arthritis
For which type of narcolepsy is cataplexy absent and CSF hypocretin-1 is not deficient?
type 2
What type of episode can lead someone to experience both insomnia and hypersomnia?
A depressive episode
Benzodiazepine agonists are typically prescribed to treat _________ due to their decrease of latency to sleep and decrease in nocturnal awakenings
insomnia