Tectonics
What is the name of the supercontinent that existed around 335 million years ago and eventually broke apart to form the current continents?
a. Gondwana
b. Pangea
c. Laurasia
d. Rodinia
b. Pangea
True or False: Earthquakes can only occur at Conservative (transform) plate boundaries.
False. They also can occur with a Destructive boundary
True or False: There are no active volcanoes near tectonic plate boundaries.
True or false, shale is impermeable, so it doesn't let water pass through
False
Which climate zone is characterized by cold temperatures and low humidity?
a. Polar
b. Tropical
c. Temperate
d. Arid
a. Polar
What is the process by which tectonic plates move beneath each other, leading to the sinking of one plate into the mantle?
a. Subduction
b. Divergence
c. Convergence
d. Transform
a. Subduction
What is the primary cause of earthquakes?
a. Volcanic activity
b. Tidal forces
c. Plate tectonics
d. Meteorite impacts
c. Plate tectonics
What is the term for the molten rock beneath the Earth's surface before it erupts?
a. Pyroclastic
b. Magma
c. Lava
d. Thera
b. Magma
True or false: Mechanical weathering is a process in which rocks break down into smaller particles due to chemical reactions.
False. Chemical weathering - process by which the internal structure of a mineral is altered by the addition or removal of elements.
True or False: Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, are the primary drivers of recent global climate changes.
True
The geological timescale divides Earth's history into different periods. Which is the largest unit of time in the geological timescale?
a. Epoch
b. Era
c. Period
d. Age
Era
The Earth's outer layer, which is divided into several large and small tectonic plates, is known as the ___________.
a. Mantle
b. Crust
c. Core
d. Lithosphere
d. Lithosphere
Volcanoes that erupt explosively, producing ash clouds and pyroclastic flows, are often associated with which type of plate boundary?
a. Conservative boundary
b. Constructive boundary
c. Destructive boundary
d. Hot spot
Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten lava or magma?
a. Sedimentary rock
b. Metamorphic rock
c. Igneous rock
d. Fossil rock
Igneous rock
Which climate zone is characterized by hot and dry conditions, often found near the equator?
a. Tropical
b. Polar
c. Temperate
d. Arctic
a. Tropical
Conservative Plate Boundaries
A. slide against each other, causing earthquakes
B. Results in one plate to be forced down and the other plate to go up
C. The plates move apart, creating a gap and forming new crustal rocks.
D. The two plates collide and bounce off eachother
A. slide against each other, causing earthquakes
What is the term for the location on the Earth's surface directly above the point where an earthquake originates?
a. Seismic Zone
b. Focus
c. Epicenter
d. Tectonic center
c. Epicenter
Describe a shield volcano, composite volcano and a dome volcano
Composite cone volcanoes are cone-shaped volcanoes composed of layers of lava, ash and rock debris. Composite cone volcanoes can grow to heights of 8,000 feet or more and have explosive eruptions.
Shield volcanoes are broad, shield-shaped volcanoes with long, gently sloped sides.
Volcanic dome, any steep-sided mound that is formed when lava reaching the Earth’s surface is so viscous that it cannot flow away readily and accumulates around the vent.
Which of the following is NOT a type of sedimentary rock?
a. Sandstone
b. Granite
c. Limestone
d. Shale
b. Granite
Which of the following is a natural cause of climate change?
a. Solar radiation
b. Burning fossil fuels
c. Deforestation
d. Industrial emissions
a. Solar radiation
Which tectonic plate is the largest?
a. Eurasian Plate
b. North American Plate
c. Pacific Plate
d. Antarctic Plate
c. Pacific Plate
Which scale is commonly used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?
a. Kelvin scale
b. Beaufort scale
c. Richter scale
d. Fahrenheit scale
Richter scale
What is the term for a volcanic feature formed by the accumulation of lava that solidifies and builds up over time?
a. Lava dome
b. Lava plateau
c. Cinder cone
d. Caldera
d. Caldera
Which type of rock is often characterized by layering or banding due to the alignment of mineral grains?
a. Igneous rock
b. Sedimentary rock
c. Metamorphic rock
d. Crystalline rock
b. Sedimentary rock
Greenhouse gases act similarly to the glass in a greenhouse: they absorb the sun's heat that radiates from the Earth's surface, trap it in the atmosphere and prevent it from escaping into space. The greenhouse effect keeps the Earth's temperature warmer than it would otherwise be, supporting life on Earth.