Easy
A 15-year-old male has come to your office for his annual sports physical. As part of your examination, lower limb reflexes are tested. An intact calcaneal tendon reflex means that which of the following nerve roots is intact?
S1
Following a car accident, a 45 year old male develops back pain that radiates to the dorsum of his right foot. He also describes increased episodes of tripping. Motor testing reveals weakness with dorsiflexing the ankle. It is also noted that his toes drag along the ground as his right leg strides forward during walking. Radiculopathy of what spinal nerves is most likely?
L5
What muscles are responsible for hip abduction? (select all that apply)
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus Medius
Tensor Fasciaea Latae
The majority of the muscles of the medial thigh are innervated by which of the following nerves?
Obturator
Which of the following veins drains directly into the femoral vein?
Great Saphenous
The great saphenous vein is a superficial vein of the lower limb that drains the medial aspect of the lower limb and drains (empties) into the femoral vein.
Superior gluteal is derived from what
L4-S1
A 28-year-old female was hit by a car that failed to stop at an intersection. During the physical exam you note that her right tibia can be pushed posteriorly relative to the femur beyond its normal limits. Injury to what of can account for this clinical finding?
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
The posterior cruciate ligament prevents posterior drawer of the tibia relative to the femur; the anterior cruciate ligament prevents anterior drawer of the tibia relative to the femur.
What muscles do hip adduction?
Adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilus
pectineus
obturator externus
During a routine sports physical for the varsity soccer team, the team physician elicits tenderness over the student-athlete's ischial tuberosity. This tenderness is most likely the result of injury to the tendon of which of the following muscles?
Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus and the hamstring portion of the adductor magnus all have their proximal attachments on the ischial tuberosity.
What is a superficial vein of the lower limb?
Superficial veins are found within the subcutaneous (superficial) fat immediately deep to the skin.
In the lower limb these are: great saphenous and small saphenous veins
In the upper limb these are: basilic, cephalic, and median cubital veins
Lumbosacral Trunk is derived from what?
L4-L5
The anterior cruciate ligament prevents?
The ACL prevents anterior movement of the tibia in relation to the femur. This can be tested trying to pull the tibia forwards as if opening a drawer. The ACL should prevent the tibia from moving forward but a torn ACL will result in a "positive drawer test" meaning that the tibia will move forwards when you pull on it.
Which muscles are responsible for knee flexion? (select all that apply)
A 56-year-old male with advanced bladder carcinoma experiences difficulty walking due to an unstable leg. Physical examination reveals sensory deficits along the medial aspect of the thigh. Which of the following nerves is likely to be compressed by the tumor in this patient?
Obturator
The obturator nerve innervates the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh and provides sensory innervation to the medial aspect of the thigh. The nerve passes through the pelvis and enters the lower limb through the obturator canal.
The popliteal veins becomes what..?
The popliteal vein will enter the adductor magnus muscle on the posterior aspect of the knee- it will then change its name to the femoral vein once it reaches the anterior thigh.
Common fibular is derived from what?
L4-S2
What muscles do hip flexion?
Which muscles are responsible for knee extension?
Recturs femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
A 72-year-old male with known peripheral vascular disease presents with a complaint of numbness in his left leg. Upon examination of the left lower limb you notice coolness to the touch on the leg and anterior thigh but not the medial thigh or gluteal region. Occlusion of what blood vessel is consistent with this finding?
Tibial is derived from what?
L4-S1
Which of the following muscles are responsible for hip extension? (select all that apply)
The majority of the muscles of the anterior thigh are innervated by which of the following nerves?
Femoral