Chemistry of Life
What is the approximate pH of drain cleaner?
pH = 14
What organelle(s) are responsible for creating energy for the cell?
Mitochondria and/or chloroplast
What is the longest stage of mitosis
Interphase
How many cells are created at the end of meiosis?
What kind of macromolecule is an enzyme?
Protein
What is the function of lipids?
To store energy and create cell structures like cellular membranes.
What organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
In what cells does mitosis occur?
Somatic
When and where does meiosis occur in females?
In the ovaries before birth
What does the atomic number of an atom indicate?
Number of protons and/or electrons
What macromolecules are made up of the elements CHON
Proteins
Where is DNA kept in the cell?
Nucleus
During what phase of mitosis do the spindle fiber form?
Prophase
What is crossing over?
When two chromosomes — one from the mother and one from the father — line up and parts of the chromosome are switched to create genetically diverse daughter cells
What is cancer? How are tumors formed?
Cancer is the duplication of mutated cells, tumors are formed when mutated cells duplicate uncontrollably
What foods contain carbohydrates?
Breads, sugary foods
What are three differences between plant and animal cells?
Animal cells are smaller, they do not have cell walls, they have smaller vacuoles, they do not contain chloroplasts, they contain microtubules
What structure connects two sister chromatids?
Centromere
If the haploid number of an organism is 18, what is the diploid number?
36
What is exocytosis?
When a cell ejects waste products through the cellular membrane using a vesicle
What is the activation energy of an reaction?
The amount of energy required to start the reaction
What is the difference between the rough and smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes while the smooth ER does not
When does the third mitosis check point take place? What is it checking for?
Near the end of mitosis, it check to see if the division process is occurring properly
How many divisions occur in meiosis? How many daughter cells are left at the end of meiosis?
What are two pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplast have circular DNA, they undergo binary fission, they have their own ribosomes, they look like bacteria