Definitions of Logic.
What was Raymond McCall's definition of Logic from 1913?
Logic is the science of right thinking
What is truth?
Correspondence to reality.
What are the four statements of Logic?
All S is P
Some S is P
No S is P
Some S is not P
Name one of the two Terminological Rules.
I. Three and only three terms.
II. The middle term must not occur in the conclusion.
All mammals have hair
All horses have manes.
Therefore, some mammals have hair.
Fallacy of four terms
Rule I
Who said "Logic is Logic. That's all I say"?
Oliver Wendell Homes 1841-1935
What makes an argument valid?
When the conclusion follows logically from it premises.
What is the Quantifier?
all, some, no, some...not.
What is a univocal term?
a term that has exactly the same meaning no matter how they are used.
All men are mortal
therefore all mortals are animals.
Rule III
Fallacy of illicit minor.
What does Formal logic focus on?
Formal Logic focuses on the structure of an argument.
What is soundness?
When a syllogism is valid and has all true premises.
What is the Quality of a proposition and which statements are which?
Is it affirmative A and I or negative E and O
what is the logical form of a sentence?
Subject, copula, predicate.
All cannibals are bloodthirsty
some accountants are bloodthirsty
therefore, some accountants are cannibals.
VII
Fallacy of drawing an affirmative conclusion form a negative premise.
What does Material Logic focus on?
Material Logic focuses on the content of argumentation.
What are the three mental acts components of an argument.
Simple Apprehension, Judgment and Deductive Inference
Which sets of statements are Contradictory?
A and O
I and E
What is a syllogism?
An argument in which the conclusion is drawn from two premises.
All men are mortals
All mortals make mistakes
Therefore, some things that make mistakes are not men.
VI Fallacy of drawing a negative conclusion from affirmative Premises.
Who is considered the father of Logic, and when did he live?
Aristotle. 384-322 BC
What are the three Verbal components of an argument?
Term. Proposition and Syllogism
Which statements are subcontraries?
I and O
What is distribution?
The status of a term in regard to its extension.
All angles are spiritual beings
All men are spiritual beings
Therefore, all men are angels
IV
Fallacy of the Undistributed middle.