History of IHL
In 1863, this organization was established in Geneva, Switzerland, with a mission to provide humanitarian aid during armed conflicts.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
What is one of the 4 principles of IHL?
Principle of Military Necessity, Principle of Distinction, Principle of Proportionality, Principle of Limiting Unnecessary Suffering
What office did Clara Barton create for soldiers?
The Missing Soldiers Office
What are two physical impacts of radiation exposure?
Nausea, Vomiting, Skin Damage, Seizures, Coma, Increased Risk of Cancer
What does NPT stand for?
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Adopted in 1864, this was the first international agreement that established principles for the treatment of the wounded and sick during armed conflicts.
The First Geneva Convention
In the Principle of Distinction, what must parties of conflict distinguish between?
Civilians and combatants, Military objectives and civilian objectives
What was one of Clara Barton’s most notable nicknames throughout the Civil War?
Angel of the Battlefield
What are two psychological impacts of the threat of nuclear weapons?
Fear, Anxiety, Emotional Distress, Powerlessness, Hopelessness
What type of treaties ban an testing in areas such as Oceania, Africa, south-eastern Asia, central Asia, Mongolia, Latin America, and the Caribbean?
Regional Treaties
In 1977, two protocols were adopted to strengthen the rules regarding the conduct of hostilities and provide additional protections for victims. What are these protocols collectively known as?
Additional Protocols I and II
Which Principle states that “Parties of conflict shouldn’t commit acts of war where the anticipated loss of civilian lives, injury to civilians, and damage to civilian property is excessive in relation to the direct and concrete advantage expected to be gained”?
The Principle of Proportionality
What was the document's name that put IHL into US law?
Treaty of Geneva
What is the name of the US's initiative to develop the first functional nuclear weapon?
The Manhattan Project
What is the difference between non-proliferation and disarmament?
Non-proliferation is the the prevention of an increase in nuclear weapons, while disarmament is the reduction of existing nuclear weapons
This Swiss businessman, moved by the suffering of wounded soldiers at the Battle of Solferino, played a key role in the formation of the Red Cross
Henry Dunant
What is it called if civilians can be attacked because they decide to join in the fight in an armed conflict?
Direct Participation in Hostilities
How many times have the Red Cross (and its founders) won the Nobel Peace Prize?
Four times, including once by Henry Dunant
Which two Japanese cities were the sites of the only time in history when a nuclear weapon has been used against people?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Which treaty banned nuclear testing in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater?
The 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty
The Geneva Conventions of 1949 addressed the protection of various groups during armed conflicts, including the wounded and sick, prisoners of war, and civilians. How many Geneva Conventions were adopted in 1949?
Four
If a child participates in armed conflict by aiding weapons to their side, will they be recognized as combatants or civilians, and does this mean they can be captured and given prisoner-of-war status?
The child will be seen as a combatant, and they can be captured and given prisoner-of-war status.
What was the name of the battle that inspired the original Red Cross?
The Battle of Solferino
What is the name of the nuclear weapons test that took place in July 1945?
The Trinity Test
How many countries have ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty?
177