Psychology History & Approaches
The process of ______ provides evidence that human beings have linked brain/mind with behavior since prehistoric times.
What is trephination?
One difference between basic and applied research is that....
What is basic research adds to the general knowledge of the field, while applied research seeks the answer to a specific, practical problem?
Unlike Plato, Aristotle emphasized that knowledge is a product of:
experience
To evaluate theories of human behavior, modern psychologists rely most heavily on the process of:
What is scientific observation?
If college graduates typically earn more money than high school graduates, this would indicate that level of education and income are:
What is positively correlated?
Scientific' psychology differs from earlier psychological thought mainly because...
What is relies on scientific methods and practices to gather data and draw conclusions?
When studies are done, variables must be ______________ -- clearly defined in specific terms.
What is operationalized?
John Locke emphasized that human knowledge is a product of
What is nurture?
Arguments about whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of:
nature vs. nurture
In order to minimize the extent to which placebo effects contribute to outcome differences between experimental and control conditions in a drug-treatment study, researchers would likely make use of:
What are double-blind procedures?
_____ psychology was an early school of scientific psychology that emphasized the importance of "the whole" and argued that the whole is more than "the sum of the parts."
What is Gestalt psychology?
Johnny wants to see if stapling his psychology test paper several times will increase his psychology test scores. In this study, the number of staples in his paper is the ______________ variable, and the test score is the ________________ variable.
What is the independent variable, and the test score is the dependent variable?
The first psychological laboratory was created by
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
Which perspective is most directly concerned with how the physical properties of the brain influence behavior and mental states?
What is the biological perspective?
Which type of psychologist would work to maximize workplace satisfaction and workforce potential?
Who are Industrial/Organizational psychologists?
The very earliest of scientific psychologists used a process called _______, or "looking within," to have people record simple mental reactions to stimuli.
What is introspection?
______________ variables can come from many sources and can distort the results of a study.
What are confounding variables?
Introspection was used by Titchener to identify
What are elements of sensory experience?
Natassia believes that boys learn to be more aggressive because they are exposed to external pressures to fight more frequently than girls. This belief is an example of the _____ perspective.
What is the behavioral perspective?
Which type of psychologist usually has an advanced college degree and works to help those suffering from a mental illness or relatiionship issues?
Who are Clinical psychologists?
Many modern psychologists would probably describe themselves as ______ -- meaning that they draw from several different perspectives instead of relying on only one.
What is eclectic?
Random assignment is different from random sampling because
random assignment refers to separating participants into control and experimental groups
The value of introspection was most clearly dismissed by _____, who instead chose to focus only on observable behaviors.
Who are behaviorists?
In reporting the effects of alcohol consumption on self-consciousness, researchers would specify exactly how they measure self-consciousness. They are thereby providing a(n):
What is an operational definition?
What type of degree does a psychiatrist possess at the highest level?
What is an MD?