Enzymes
This substance prevents pH changes.
What a buffer?
True or False?
A light microscope allows you to see details such as the thylakoids in chloroplasts.
False.
This nucleotide has three phosphate groups that provide energy for cells.
What is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)?
The difference in concentration of a substance across a distance.
What is a concentration gradient?
This bond is a weak chemical attraction between polar molecules.
What is a hydrogen bond?
An enzyme acts only on specific ___________, which attach to the enzyme's _____ _____.
An enzyme acts only on specific substrates, which attach to the enzyme's active site.
Multiple Choice:
The surface area-to-volume ratio of a large cell is:
a. greater than that of a smaller cell.
b. equal to that of a smaller cell.
c. not affected by the cell's size.
d. less than that of a smaller cell.
D. Less than that of a smaller cell.
Your muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation when they run out of this.
What is oxygen?
The state that exists for a substance when the substance is distributed evenly across a space.
What is equilibrium?
The major classes of organic compounds are these.
What are Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids?
These two, high or low, can affect enzymes negatively.
What are temperature and pH?
This organism is made of a simple cell that has free-floating genetic material and a few cell structures.
What is a Prokaryote or bacterium?
True or False?
1. Plants need oxygen for photosynthesis.
2. Photosynthesis occurs in flat sacs in choloroplasts called pigments.
1. False
2. False
True or False?
Water crosses the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion through a protein.
False.
The coils (into an alpha helix) or folds (into beta pleated sheets) of a protein's amino acid chain make up this structure of a protein.
What is the secondary structure?
This is reduced when a substrate binds to the enzyme
What is activaton energy?
In plant cells, rigidity is provided by this large, membrane-bound sac.
What is the central vacuole?
The molecules are products of the Krebs cycle that enter the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).
What are NADH & FADH2 ?
Multiple Choice:
Which kinds of substances CANNOT pass through the cell membrane and why?
a. polar molecules because the inside of the membrane is nonpolar.
b. nonpolar molecules because the inside of the membrane is polar.
c. polar molecules because the inside of the membrane is polar.
d. nonpolar molecules because the inside of the membrane is nonpolar.
A. polar molecules because the inside of the membrane is nonpolar.
Acid or Base?
This compound forms extra hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, and has a pH between 7 and 14.
What is a base?
Multiple Choice
Enzymes that take part in a reaction are NOT considered to be reactants because they:
a. do not take part in the reaction.
b. are not changed by the reaction.
c. have no valence electrons.
d. are used up in the reaction.
B. are not changed by the reaction.
This organelle is responsible for the synthesis of steroids and lipids; while this other organelle is responsible for protein assembly.
What are the Smooth ER and Rough ER?
Multiple Choice:
What is the role of electron transport chains in Photosynthesis?
a. They use energy to produce carbohydrates.
b. They use energy to break down carbohydrates.
c. They transfer energy from sunlight into 2 products that provide energy for making carbohydrates.
d. They transfer energy from carbohydrates into a substance that all cells can use for energy.
C. They transfer energy from sunlight into 2 products that provide energy for making carbohydrates.
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution becomes _______ as water moves ____ the cell.
This means the cell's water potential WAS _____ than the solution it was in.
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution becomes turgid as water moves into the cell.
This means the cell's water potential WAS lower than that of the solution it was in.
The nucleotide that is present in DNA but not in RNA is this.
The nucleotide that is present in RNA but not in DNA is this.
Thymine.
Uracil.