Beauty
Ingredients
Ingredients
One of the earliest cosmetics of which we have a record is kohl, worn by Egyptian queens as long ago as the Bronze Age (from 3500 BCE). To what part of the body is kohl usually applied?
a. Nails
b. Lips
c. Eyes
d. Hair
Answer: Eyes
Kohl was originally applied to prevent eye disease and to protect the eyes from the sun. A black paste, it is prepared by mixing a number of ingredients, varying in different places and times. Traditionally based on galena, an ore containing lead sulfide, this has been changed to soot or charcoal by modern commercial producers to reduce the product's toxicity. Other ingredients include oils and scents.
She got her start selling skin care and makeup in beauty salons, demonstrating her products on women while they were sitting under hair dryers. In 1946, she got their first major order: $800 worth of products from Saks Fifth Avenue.
Estée Lauder
Charlie Revson (founder of Revlon)
Helena Rubenstein
Elizabeth Arden
a. Estee Lauder
The company Estée Lauder was founded in 1946 by husband and wife Joseph and Estée Lauder. Estée or Esty as she was called, showed an early interest in the business of her chemist uncle - selling products like cold cream, lip rouge, and fragrances.
Helena Rubinstein began her career creating stage and film makeup. When Theda Bara appeared on the screen wearing a lot of one of Rubinstein's innovations, it became instantly popular with the general public. What was it?
a. lipstick
b. blush
c. mascara
d. tinted face powder
Answer: Mascara
Rubinstein also introduced tinted face powder in the early 1920s.
During the 1400s women sometimes resorted to a more drastic method of achieving that "pale look". What did they do?
a. Skip meals
b. Restrict Oxygen
c. Reduce sun exposure
d. Bleed themselves
Answer: They bled themselves
Bleeding required the use of leeches, or sometimes the more extreme 'cupping' was employed. A vein was slashed and the blood drained into a cup, or bowl.
Humectants are often found in many beauty products. What do they do?
a. Drys out combination skin
b. React with oily skin to dry it out
c. Attract moisture to the skin from the air
d. Adds moisture to the T Zone which helps prevent spots
c. Attract moisture to the skin from the air
Ancient Roman toothpaste was in great demand because it contained ammonia, which whitened the teeth. Where did most of this ammonia come from?
a. Pigeon feathers
b. Elephant feces
c. Human urine
d. Lion placenta
c.
Ancient Romans used urine as a mouthwash and
toothpaste because it contains ammonia. Urine is a common household cleaner and contains ammonia, a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen that acts as a cleansing agent.
In the first decade of the 20th century, the chemist Eugene Schueller developed a product that would make it much easier for women (and men) to make a fundamental change to their appearance. He created a synthetic hair dye. What cosmetic company gained its existence on the basis of this invention?
a. Estee Lauder
b. Clairol
c. L'Oreal
d. Schwarzkopf
L'Oreal
Natural hair coloring agents, such as henna, and bleaching agents, such as vinegar, had been used for many years. Schueller's use of paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in his commercial hair color made it possible to produce a desired color reliably. PPD is an aniline dye, and its use is now considered controversial due to its toxicity. It is known to produce allergic reactions in many users, and a link to some forms of cancer has been suggested.
In the 1920s, suntanned skin stopped being associated with workers, and became a trendy fashion statement. Which fashion designer returned from her holiday with a suntan, and started this new trend?
a. Yves Saint Laurent
b. Pierre Cardin
c. Coco Chanel
d. Christian Dior
c. Coco Chanel
She got a tan while on a cruise aboard the Duke of Westminster's yacht
In the 1930s a cosmetic came out that claimed to be a permanent mascara. Sold in the USA, it blinded more than a dozen women and killed one. What was the name of this dangerous beauty product?
a. Lash Lure
b. Lash Stay
c. Lash Tattoo
d. Lash Paint
Answer: Lash Lure
Before there were any regulations concerning product safety, Lash Lure was sold as a permanent answer to mascara. It contained a compound phenylenediamine that had never been tested for use on humans. The outcome was tragic.
If a product is said to contain non-comedogenics, it will be less likely to do what?
a. Trap dead skin
b. Reduce Vitamin C production
c. Produce excess oil
d. Block pores
d. block pores
Non-comedogenic products are less likely to clog pores. This means that they are less likely to cause acne breakouts, pimples, and blackheads.
Around 3000 BCE, Chinese people are known to have mixed gum Arabic, gelatin, beeswax and egg, forming the basis of a clear cosmetic product to which assorted other ingredients, including colouring agents, could be added. To which part of their body was this applied?
a. Hair
b. Cheeks
c. Lips
d. Fingernails
Answer: Fingernails
The color of this early nail polish came from natural pigments, and was chosen to reflect the colors symbolic of the regime in power. Only members of the upper classes were allowed to paint their nails; members of lower classes faced the death penalty if they chose to disregard the ban. Petals of flowers such as roses and orchids were also added as decoration.
For hundreds of years European women used a white powder called ceruse to lighten their complexions. What was the main component of ceruse?
a. Dried animal bones
b. White lead
c. Flour
d. Sand
Answer: B. White lead
Powdered white lead was used for many years to make facial skin appear artificially white. Paintings of the aristocracy throughout the Renaissance show the women using this product. Occasional use caused lead poisoning, hair loss, and mental deterioration. Long-term use was known to cause death.
In ancient times scented unguents were produced from floral essences mixed with animal fat. In the 10th century however, an Arab, Ibn Sina, developed a new process of extracting floral attar with steam. Mixed with water, this scent became both a cosmetic and flavouring staple for many centuries. What was this scent called?
a. Rose water
b. Jasmine
c. Lily of the valley
d. Gardenia
Answer: Rosewater
Lavender water was a variant of rosewater. Hungary water, developed for Elizabeth of Hungary in 1390, used an alcohol base. Eau de Cologne didn't appear until the 1730s, when the Farina brothers introduced it in Cologne.
Antioxidants such as Vitamin A, C and E help the skin by neutralizing molecules called free radicals, which do what?
a. Destroy skin cells
b. Cause wrinkles
c. Cause acne
d. Destroy healthy skin genes ]
Answer: Destroy skin cells
These particular vitamins can be found in rich fruits such as kiwi or oranges or can be taken in tablet form.
What useful job do lysosomes do?
a. Deliver vitamins deep into your skin
b. Produce extra moisture for dry skin
c. Remove dead skin cells
d. Dry out oily skin
c. Remove dead skin cells
Lysosomes break down and recycle unwanted material, such as old organelles, cellular debris, and foreign invaders.
Many modern cosmetics make use of an unusual organic substance to add shimmer to lipsticks and eyeshadow. Do you know what this shiny material is?
a. Pearls
b. Fish scales
c. Gem stones
d. Titanium
Answer: Fish scales
Ground fish scales have been used for many years in western societies to add shimmer and shine. This substance is often called pearl essence and is used not only in cosmetics, but in paint and glazes! It is harmless, but the idea of ground-up dead fish scales on your lips is somewhat gross.
The beauty tech company called Hue was founded by three women with hearts of gold. Which nickname is most appropriate for the trio?
a. The Powder Puff Girls
b. Threes Company
c. Charlies' Angels
d. The Cheetah Girls
Bonus question! No write answer!
Max Factor was originally from Poland. During the last years of the 19th century he became purveyor of cremes and cosmetics to the Russian court. In 1904 he decided to try his luck in America, where he too started out by creating and selling theatrical makeup. What was one of his first major innovations?
a. Pancake Makeup
b. Raccoon Eyes
c. Stage Face
d. Contour
Answer: Pancake makeup
Factor developed pancake makeup for actors, as an improvement over the older greasepaint. Pancake makeup didn't sweat off as easily. Modernly known as stage makeup.
In 1900, beauty brand Jonteel, which targeted teens, had to explicitly state this phrase on their ads.
a. will not grow hair on the face
b. will not darken skin
c. will not make your skin appear like model
d. will not make you look young forever
a. will not grow hair on the face
I have to say, the fact that the Jonteel ad has to state it “will not grow hair on the face” is pretty frightening! Apparently there was a problem with that back then? Yikes!
Retinols are another word for products made from what?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin D
A. Vitamin A
Retinol is one of the best-known skin care ingredients on the market. An over-the-counter (OTC) version of retinoids, retinol is derived (made from) vitamin A and is primarily used to treat mature-looking skin concerns as well as acne.
Cochineal was used by the Aztec and Incan societies to dye their lips and nails red. Do you know where cochineal comes from?
a. Beetles
b. Berries
c. Red Clay
d. Animal Blood
Answer: Beetles
Cochineal dye is made from dried cochineal beetles. Unlike a lot of the modern dyes this coloring agent is not toxic nor does it contain any carcinogens. Production is costly and labor intensive. Today, breeding of this insect is done just for tradition, as opposed to meeting any economic demand.
Dominique Mandonnaud founded this company in 1969 as a small perfumery in Limoges, France called Shop 8.
Mandonnaud's idea was to make the beauty-buying experience better by allowing customers to try products before purchasing.
a. L'OCCITANE EN PROVENCE
b. Guerlain
c. Lancome
d. Sephora
Sephora
In 1970, Sephora launched in Paris and in 1976, Boots and Nouvelles Galeries partnered to build Sephora. In 1979, Sephora became part of Boots PLC, and in 1993, Mandonnaud acquired Sephora and merged it with her own perfume chain.
Sephora's first US store opened in New York's SoHo neighborhood in 1998.
Around 1000 CE, Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi, also known as Abulcasis, devoted a chapter of his treatise "Kitaf Al-Tasrif" to cosmetics. What was the principal subject of his treatise?
a. Medicine
b. Politics
c. Social standards and tastes
d. Trade
a Medicine
Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi (936-1013 CE) was a Spanish Arab physician who is considered the father of modern surgery, whose practices and writings shaped Islamic and European surgical procedure at least until the Renaissance. He wrote a chapter on cosmetics, which he called "Medicine of Beauty", in which he described many useful substances and their chemical preparation. He is credited with developing perfumed sticks that could be used as under-arm deodorants or (different ingredients) lipstick, hair removal sticks, hair dyes (both for lightening and darkening the color), hair straighteners, suntan lotions, breath fresheners, tooth whiteners, hand creams, and more!
Cover Girl ushered in a NEW look of the Seventies as a foil to the crazy color eye. This look was popularized through print ads, all featuring white women white with blond hair. What is the NEW look called?
a. unforgettable woman
b. modern woman
c. brillant beauty
d. clean makeup
d. clean makeup
The clean makeup trend was popularized in the late 70s. The look included clear skin, straight blond hair, light blush and mascara. There's one ad featuring icon Beverly Johnson, known for being the first black model to make the cover of Vogue in 1974.
Which of the following two products are botanicals, which are believed to have healing or regenerating powers on the skin?
a. Ginseng and tea tree
b. Aloe vera and ginseng
c. Aloe vera and lavender
d. Witch hazel and gingko
c. Aloe vera and lavender
Aloe vera is a medicinal plant, traditionally used to improve skin integrity. Aloe vera is known for its anti-inflammatory, skin protection, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, antiseptic, and wound healing properties.
Lavender oil has many uses for treating the skin. It naturally reduces inflammation, lessens pain, and cleans the surface of the skin.