European Territory
During what centuries were the High Middle Ages?
During the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries
What is a collar?
It is made of leather and stuffed with straw, and allowed animals to be attached to the plough
What happened to urban life in the 11th century?
It was restored
What is the communal council?
A group elected by citizens. They were responsible for collecting taxes, supplying, and defending the cities.
What is the Curia Regis?
An assembly composed of nobles and prelates who served as advisors
Why did European farming grow during the High Middle Ages?
Because of the progressive spread of technical innovations
Usually 15,000 to 50,000 people
Where city craftsman worked, usually inside their houses
What is the new social group that arose during the High Middle Ages?
The Bourgeoisie
What happened to the population as a result of increased agricultural production?
Nutrition of the population improved, creating an increase in the population (36 to 80 million people between the 11th & 13th century)
Where did new cities emerge?
They emerged near marketplaces, castles, monasteries, roads, and coastal ports
At fairs, where goods from all over were sold yearly
What were two major political units during this time that emerged during the 9th century?
France and the Holy Roman Empire in Germany
What happened to cities as a result of the agricultural progress?
Their populations grew and they became exchange centers for traders
What were the houses in the neighborhoods made of? and why
Wood, reeds, and mud. Only the bourgeois could afford stone to build their homes
What were the purposes of the guilds?
to control production and to protect members (those who were sick, widows, and orphans)
What did the first Parliament do?
What is triennial crop rotation?
The division of land into three parts, where two parts of the land was planted and the other third was left uncultivated
1.) The market
2.) The cathedral
3.) The town hall
What are the three categories of a guild member?
1.) Master craftsman
2.) journeyman
3.) apprentice