GI Basics
What is the rhythmic, wave-like muscular contraction that moves food through the digestive tract?
PERISTALSIS
What is the common name for "Aphthous Stomatitis," characterized by small, painful ulcers in the mouth?
CANKER SORES
What is the term for the inflammation of the stomach lining that occurs suddenly and is often linked to NSAID use or alcohol?
ACUTE GASTRITIS
Which type of ulcer is commonly characterized by pain that occurs 30–60 minutes after eating and is worsened by food intake?
GASTRIC ULCER
What is the term for the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus without effort?
REGURGITATION
Which accessory organ produces bile to help emulsify fats?
LIVER
Which viral agent is the most common cause of primary herpetic stomatitis?
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 (HSV 1)
Which spiral-shaped bacterium is the most common cause of chronic non-erosive gastritis?
HELICOBACTER PYLORI
Which class of medications, including Omeprazole, is used in PUD treatment to block the "pump" that produces stomach acid?
PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR
What is the primary physiological cause of GERD involving the valve between the esophagus and stomach?
What is the name of the sphincter that controls the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum?
PYLORIC SPHINCTER
What is the medical term for dry mouth, which can predispose a patient to developing stomatitis?
XEROSTOMIA
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
What color of emesis is characteristic of an older, "slow" bleed in the stomach, often associated with PUD?
COFFEE-GROUND EMESIS
Which class of medications, like Famotidine, works by blocking the histamine receptors in the stomach to reduce acid production?
H2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS (H2 BLOCKERS)
What is the name of the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that passes from the stomach to the duodenum?
CHYME
Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with the development of cracks at the corners of the mouth (cheilosis) and stomatitis?
VITAMIN B COMPLEX
What is the gold standard diagnostic procedure used to visualize the stomach lining and obtain a biopsy for gastritis?
ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY (EGD)
PERFORATION
What is the medical term for "heartburn," the most common symptom of GERD?
PYROSIS
Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for stimulating digestive secretions and peristalsis (the "rest and digest" nerve)?
VAGUS NERVE (CRANIAL NERVE X)
"Magic Mouthwash" used for stomatitis often contains what type of medication to numb the oral mucosa?
LIDOCAINE
Which specific cells in the stomach lining are responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl) and can be damaged in chronic gastritis?
PARIETAL CELLS
A "Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome" diagnosis involves a tumor that secretes excessive amounts of which hormone, leading to severe PUD?
GASTRIN
What is the name of the surgical procedure where the fundus of the stomach is wrapped around the esophagus to tighten the LES?
NISSEN FUNDOPLICATION