What Happened?
On December 5th, 1952, a winter cold in the capital of England caused people to use coal fireplaces to heat their buildings and homes. The disasters which followed led to this infamous name.
What is the London Smog of 1952?
London was rapidly industrializing. Fog thickened with smoke soot from these buildings to produce a poisonous smog
What is smokestacks?
Four groups were at greater risk of suffering permanent health effects or dying in the Great London Smog (any of the four are accepted).
What is the elderly?
What is children?
What is smokers?
What is those with respiratory problems?
Londoners lost great deals of a farm animal which choked on the smog.
What is cattle?
In December 1991, a similar brown haze obscured this famous London clock and killed between 100 and 180 people.
What is “Big Ben?”
These vehicles were impaired, causing many to find their own ways to get help, leading to many casualties.
What are ambulances?
The Great London Smog was eventually moved away from London and out to the North Sea by this atmospheric condition.
What is wind?
Outside of illness and lung damage, the Great London Smog made this daily activity much more dangerous.
What is driving?
Londoners resembled coal miners with blackened faces and nostrils. Many found they could hide in the smog, and took their opportunities to participate in these illegal activities.
What is looting?
What is burglary?
What is purse snatching?
This major U.S. city experienced a similar event in 1966 but was more prepared with advisories and measures to protect public health. About 168 people died and 366 people had a shortened life span.
What is New York City?
To worsen the issue, London had recently replaced their electric tram system with these forms of transportation.
What is diesel-fueled buses?
This ground-level ozone phenomenon was known as this type of pollution, where chemicals react with other chemicals to produce another type of pollution.
What is secondary pollution?
The effects of the Great London Smog were immediate, this number of people died prematurely in the immediate aftermath.
What is 4,000 people?
Greasy grime covered surfaces and leaked into buildings, shutting down these iconic sources of entertainment.
What is movie theaters?
Previous episodes of fog in London had been called this name because of the air’s yellowish blackish appearance.
What is ’pea soupers?’
Particulates released by coal burning factories stuck to this form of water to produce dark and heavy clouds that impaired visibility.
What is water vapor?
A high-pressure weather system led to this phenomenon, with prevented coal smoke from rising, preventing wind from dispersing the smog.
What is temperature inversion?
Death rates remained above normal into the summer of 1953 after the end of the Great London Smog, claiming around this many lives.
What is 8,000 to 12,000 lives?
This hazardous smog was connected to smoke billowing from factories, they were moved to this place to prevent similar occurrences in the future.
What is outside the city?
Globally, air pollution is estimated to be responsible for this many deaths.
What is 7 million?
Londoners were trying not to slip on the greasy black ooze that coated sidewalks, they reported the air smelled like this distinct smell.
What is rotten eggs?
Smoke particles, along with the chemical names of these formulas: CO2, HCl, and F2 primarily made up the smog.
What is cardon dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and fluorine?
Although a large number of people died prematurely, a larger number of people passed away from these two respiratory diseases caused by the fog.
What is bronchitis and pneumonia?
In the aftermath, the government passed this legislature which restricted the burning of coal in urban areas and authorized local councils to set up smoke-free zones. It also gave homeowners grants to convert from coal to alternative heating systems.
What is the “Clear Air Act of 1965?”
London is located in this landform which limited air circulation.
What is a river valley?