Planes of Motion
What are the 3 main planes of motion
1. Sagittal
2. Frontal
3. Transverse
What is the most common form of simple machine?
Levers
Demonstrate flexion and extension
Flexion- decreasing the angle of a joint
Extension- increasing the angle of a joint
What are Newton's 3 Laws?
1- Law of Inertia
2- Law of Acceleration
3- Law of Action
What is the difference between the composite and the component approach?
The composite approach views the whole body as a system that progresses through stages. It looks at how the body moves as a whole.
The component approach breaks down the body into components rather than as a whole system, but still uses the same phases to define and analyze movement.
Transverse plane (vertical axis)
What is the definition of work?
Demostrate abduction and adduction
Abduction- movement away from the midline
Adduction- movement towards the midline
What is the definition of force?
What professions need to use motion analysis; either in a composite or component approach?
Physical and occupational therapists, personal trainers, coaches, athletes, etc.
Demonstrate how the planes run through the body
Sagittal- splits the body in left and right halves
Frontal- splits the body in posterior and anterior
Transverse- splits the body in inferior and superior
What are the three main components of a lever?
Axis/Fulcrum- point of rotation
Resistance- physical stresses acting on the body or object
Force- the capability to cause a change in motion
Where in relation to the body is the patella?
(Superior, inferior, medial, lateral, etc.)
Superior to the tibia and fibula
Define the 2nd Law of Motion.
Define the coefficient of restitution.
Also called the coefficient of elasticity. A parameter observed after reformation that indicates the ability of an object to return to its original shape.
What type of movements occur in each plane? (ex: rotation, forward movement, lateral movement, etc.)
Transverse: rotation, pronation, supination, twisting movements
Sagittal: forward motion, flexion/extension
Frontal: lateral movements, abduction/adduction, up and down movements
Draw each lever system
Name 3 paired anatomical terms
- Superior and inferior
- Posterior and anterior
- Superficial and deep
- Proximal and distal
What are the 4 types of forces? Bonus 100 points if you can name them strongest to weakest.
Strongest to Weakest:
1. Strong nuclear force - occurs between subatomic particles
2. Electromagnetic force- between electrical charges (two magnets)
3. Weak nuclear force- product of radioactivity decay, plays an important role in nuclear reactions
4. Gravitational force- between bodies of mass
What does a negative on the Cartesian Coordinate frame mean?
It means that the force is moving in a negative direction, but it is still a positive force.
Transverse: bench press, pushups, hip press
Sagittal: squat, forward lunge, row
Frontal: bicep curl, lateral arm raises, lateral lunges
Give an example of each lever class system
Second- wheelbarrow, nutcracker, stapler, pushup
Third- bicep curl, shovel, rowing a boat, fishing pole
When throwing a ball, what are the different anatomical movements occuring?
Dominant elbow- flexion and extension
Nondominant elbow- flexion
Right shoulder- elevation
Left shoulder - elevation
Name an example of each law
1- if you roll a ball it will continue to roll until a force (friction) stops it.
2- pushing a cart, the correct amount of force needs to be applied in order to cause motion.
3- swimmers have to stroke downward to act against the water, the movement is equal and opposite to keep the swimmer moving.
What is scalar and vector quantity?
Scalar quantity- a quantity that can be fully specified simply with a single numerical magnitude of appropriate units; mass
Vector quantity- a quantity that can be fully specified with a magnitude of appropriate units and a precise decision; weight