Fluids and Electrolytes
What is the normal range for Chloride?
96-106
Normal values for pH, HCO3, and CO2
hco3 22-24
co2 35-45
The law that protects nurses when providing emergency first aid from legal action?
Good Samaritan Law
Type of shock that occurs by a decrease in volume
Hypovolemic
Which electrolyte does calcium work inversely with?
Phosphurus
Which electrolyte helps regulate the others?
Magnesium
What is the difference between compensated and uncompensated?
Compensated, the PH will be in normal range whereas uncompensated will have an abnormal value
Where should you assess pulse for an infant?
Brachial artery
Type of bleeding that occurs when blood spurts bright red with the rhythm of the heart beat
Arterial
What type of pressure would you apply for an arterial bleed?
indirect pressure
How are Osmosis and diffusion different?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from higher concentration to lower
Osmosis is the movement of water from lower concentration to high
Causes of respiratory alkalosis include?
asthma, head injuries, drug overdose, hyperventilation, pneumonia
CPR should not be discontinued except for what situations?
VICTIM RECOVERS, AED AVAILABLE ,SCENE BECOMES UNSAFE, RESCUER IS EXHAUSTED AND CAN NOT CONTINUE, TRAINED MEDICAL PERSONNEL ARRIVE (EMS), LICENSED HCP ARRIVES ON THE SCENE, HAS AUTHORITY TO PRONOUNCE VICTIM DEAD, AND ORDERS CPR TO BE
DISCONTINUED
VS and signs of shock victim?
decreased LOC, cool, clammy skin, rapid, thready HR, oliguria, increased resp, dry mucous membranes,
Give examples of sensible losses
urine, feces, vomiting, drains/drainage
A 45yr old female is brought to the ER with complaints of vomiting for 3 days. Upon assessing her lab values, sodium is found to be 115. What are your nursing interventions and why?
Patient has hyponatremia,CELLS SWELL
restrict fluid intake, monitor vitals and I/O, safety precautions, diuretics possible
pH 7.20
CO2 20
HCO3 26
Respiratory Acidosis, uncompensated
What is the definition of clinical and biologic death?
Clinical- heartbeat and respirations have stopped
Biologic- permanent cellular damage caused by lack of oxygen
What are nursing interventions for a patient with a suspected leg fracture?
Immobilize/splint, do not attempt to realign,
What interventions would you give for a patient with shock with a suspected spinal injury?
Lay flat on the ground, keep head in neutral position
A 30yr old male is seen in the ER experiencing spasms of the facial nerve when tapped. What is this a sign of? What are nursing interventions?
Chvostek's sign/ hypocalcemia
Replace calcium and vit d, monitor ekg and vitals
pH 7.43
CO2 48
HCO3 18
Metabolic Alkalosis, compensated
Give steps of CPR of unconscious child with 2-person rescuer
assess the scene, check for responsiveness, begin cpr (ABC), compress 1.5inch, 15:2 compression-breath ratio
What is the rule of 9's for an adult patient?
Head-9
arms-9 each
front torso-18
Back torso 18
leg- 18each
genitalia 1
How should a bandage be applied?
Figure eight or from wrist-forearm, or ankle-leg with fingers and toes visible