Industrialization
What is the main shift that industrialization caused?
producing from small cottages to large scale factories; the start of mass production
What is mercantilism?
an economic theory that states countries can make more money by reducing imports and increasing exports
What is nationalism?
A strong feeling of pride for one's country
Why were the tropical regions unexplored?
Diseases
Who ended the Mughal rule?
The British
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain
What were 2 things Adam Smith took part in?
- he developed a response to mercantilism
- he published "The Wealth of Nations"
- he outlined the basic principles of "Laissez-faire" capitalism
Where does nationalism develop in one place specifically?
In an area that has common customs, language, and history
What were the only 2 countries who remained independent in Africa?
Ethiopia and Liberia
What was the British East India Company motivated by?
commodities like cotton, spices, teas, and opium
What is mechanization?
the process of using machines to make things
What is the main differences between socialism and communism?
The level of government control
How did Germany accomplish unification?
It went through a series of wars with neighboring states.
Why did they start to explore the tropical regions in Africa?
They found the cure to Malaria.
Why were children more likely to work in factories?
They were more convinced to work longer for shorter wages.
Why did Japan start industrialization?
They were afraid of becoming a colony and Europe and US needed materials
What did Karl Marx and Freiedrich Engles publish?
"The Communist Manifesto"
Why couldn't Germany have full unification?
They had too many states.
What was "The Scramble for Africa"?
It was where European countries raced to colonize African countries for resources and land.
What is urbanization?
When people begin moving to the cities and out of the country side
What were the 3 main consequences of industrialization?
The middle class was created, the standard of living increased making all products affordable, and it led to a decrease of living.
What was the class struggle in the 19th century?
working class vs. the upper class
How did Japan gain nationalism throughout the country?
They felt threatened
What were 2 things European rule did to Africa?
-sparked nationalism
-unified diversity
-planted the seeds for independence
What was the Bessemer Process?
a way to efficiently remove impurities in the iron, which brought down costs