Hormones
What does leptin cause?
Decreased hunger (increased fullness feeling)
Define VO2 Max
The maximal amount of oxygen you can utilize during high intensity exercise.
What is the best treatment for exercise induced muscle cramps?
Stretching. Changes in the excitatory properties of the motor neuron
Anabolic steroids mimic what hormone
Androgens such as testosterone
What causes Renin release AND what endocrine gland produces it?
Decreased blood volume/pressure. (sympathetic stim. or decreased Na+) and is released by kidney.
What are 2 anaerobic measurements of energy expenditure?
lactate threshold and EPOC
What are 2 metabolic by-products that cause fatigue?
Phosphate, H+ (lactic acid), and heat
What 2 hormones are in the common birth control medication?
Estrogen and progesterone
What does peptide YY cause?
decreases appetite
What is the Fick equation for VO2?
VO2 = HR x SV x a-VO2 diff
What are the 2 types of muscular soreness? AND What is the primary cause of each?
Acute muscle soreness: H+ and tissue edema
DOMS: structural damage, protein loss
Explain how Ozempic functions as a weight loss drug.
Ozempic acts as a GLP-1, which increases the feeling of fullness by signaling to the hypothalamus.
Explain how exercise influences ghrelin release
Exercise has no effect on ghrelin (sensor for energy deficit)
Calculate the energy expenditure of a 90 lb athlete exercising at 24 ml/kg/min for 20 minutes.
1. Get relative units (ml/kg/min) to absolute units (L/min)
2. (5 kcal per L of oxygen) x (answer #1)
3. (x 20 min)
Describe the 3 phases of tissue healing.
Inflammation: decreases blood flow, stops further damage
Proliferation: cells multiply
Maturation/Remodeling: The cells mature to specific cell type and are organized into a structure
Explain RER, its typical ranges, and what causes the change in RER.
Respiratory exchange ratio: CO2 produced divided by O2 consumed, which estimates macronutrient use. 0.70= fat (more oxygen used), 1.0 = carb