Origin Of Life 1
Approximately how many years ago did Earth's history begin with its formation?
4.6 billion years ago.
What process began around 3 billion years ago, producing oxygen as a waste product?
Photosynthesis.
What is the primary source of energy?
The Sun
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
the presence of a nucleus
This organelle stores genetic material and controls the cell's activities.
the nucleus
Where is it believed that life first began on Earth?
In the oceans.
Which organisms were among the first to photosynthesize?
Cyanobacteria (or algae).
What is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
Cells
Which type of cells do organisms like bacteria and archaea have?
prokaryotic cells
These storage organelles in plant cells store water, ions, and nutrients.
vacuoles
What were the first organisms made of, and where did they get their nutrients?
They were made of one cell and got their nutrients directly from water.
What did some of the oxygen produced by photosynthesis become in the atmosphere?
The ozone layer.
What characteristic allows living organisms to react to changes in their external surroundings?
Responsiveness to stimuli.
Who was the English scientist credited with inventing the basic light microscope and observing cells for the first time in 1665?
Who is Robert Hooke?
This network of tubules and vesicles is involved in intracellular transport and protein production.
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Where did the first organisms store genetic information to make copies of themselves?
In nucleic acids.
What did the rise of aerobic organisms lead to in Earth's history?
Changes in the atmosphere and the evolution of multicellularity.
How do some single-celled organisms reproduce, creating identical copies of themselves?
asexual reproduction.
This organelle is the site of cellular respiration, producing energy in the form of ATP.
the mitochondria
What is the thin film that holds the cell together made of?
Cell Membrane
Approximately when did photosynthesis likely begin on Earth?
Around 3 billion years ago.
What crucial role did cyanobacteria play in shaping Earth's atmosphere?
Cyanobacteria's photosynthesis activity resulted in the production of oxygen, making the Earth more hospitable for life as we know it.
What is the term for the ability of living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment?
Homeostasis.
This organelle acts as the cell's "mail room," modifying and packaging proteins for transport.
the Golgi apparatu
Where are proteins made inside the cell?
ribosomes