Nomenclature
What is the formula for fluorine gas?
F2
Why do we have to balance chemical equations?
Because atoms cannot be created or destroyed (Law of Conservation of Mass)
Identify the type of reaction: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O.
Combustion (complete)
What is the difference between a binary acid and an oxyacid?
Binary acids are composed of hydrogen and a single non-metal ion. Oxyacids have hydrogen and a polyatomic ion.
Draw the Lewis structure for sulfur(IV) oxide on the whiteboard, indicating all lone pairs and bonding pairs.
Central S, double bonded to 2 O atoms. 1 lone pair on S, 2 lone pairs on each O
What is the name of Cl2O7?
Chlorine(VII) oxide
Balance the equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?
2H2O2 →2 H2O + O2
The formation of a precipitate is a good indication that what type of reaction has occurred? Also, what is a precipitate?
The formation of a precipitate is a good indication that a double displacement reaction has occurred.
A precipitate is a solid substance that forms from a chemical reaction in a liquid solution. When two soluble compounds are combined and react, they may form an insoluble product, which separates from the solution as solid particles. This solid substance is called a precipitate.
What indicator, when added to a strong base, turns a bright pink colour?
Phenolphthalein
The following chemical equation is balanced, but is incorrect in other ways. Identify one error, and how to correct the error.
Ba(NO₃)₂ + NaS → BaS + Na(NO₃)₂
2 compounds have an incorrect formula. NaS should be Na2S and Na(NO3)2 should be NaNO3
What is the formula for lead(IV) sulfate?
Pb(SO4)2
Balance the following equation: Al + HCl → AlCl₃ + H₂
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂
What kind of reaction is being described: Calcium bromide and nitric acid (HNO3) are produced when calcium nitrate and aqueous hydrogen bromide are combined.
Double displacement
Provide the names for the compound HI using the modern system AND the old system
Modern system: aqueous hydrogen iodide
Old system: hydroiodic acid
Explain why the solubility of solids increases with increasing temperature
Greater kinetic energy results in more collisions, allowing the solvent molecules to more effectively break apart the solute molecules that are held together by intermolecular attractions.
What is the formula for acetic acid?
CH3COOH
Balance the chemical equation: C₅H₁₂ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
C₅H₁₂ + 8O₂ → 5CO₂ + 6H₂O
Magnesium (Mg) and iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) are combined. What will be the products from this reaction?
MgO + Fe
You are a chemist tasked with decontaminating a spill of hydrochloric acid. What chemical might you use to do so? What would be produced? Ensure the reaction yields non-toxic products.
Any base (ex. NaOH, HCO3, KOH, etc.) will form an ionic compound and water
While gathered around a campfire, a camper weighs a small piece of wood. They toss it into the flames, witnessing it ignite and burn. After the fire has died down, they weigh the remaining ashes and notice that the overall mass has diminished. What accounted for the discrepancy in mass?
During the combustion process, CO2 and H2O vapour were produced (also probably CO and C). These products have escaped into the surroundings, causing the mass of the wood and ashes to decrease. However, the total mass of the system is in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.
What is the name of C3H8?
Propane (a hydrocarbon!)
Balance the following reaction:
Ca(OH)₂ + H₃PO₄ → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + H₂O
3Ca(OH)₂ + 2H₃PO₄ → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6H₂O
If the products of a reaction are potassium fluoride (KF) and water (H₂O), what are the reactants in the reaction?
To determine the reactants, we need to recognize that this is the neutralization of a strong base and a strong acid. Potassium fluoride is a salt composed of the cation K⁺ and the anion F⁻. When it is formed, it indicates that potassium hydroxide (KOH), a strong base, and hydrofluoric acid (HF), a strong acid, have reacted.
As a chemist aiming to determine the pH of an unidentified substance, describe the indicator of choice you would use for this purpose and outline the method by which you would interpret the obtained results.
Answers can vary. Universal indicator may be the best, as you do not know whether the solution is acidic or basic. Red would indicate a strong acid, dark purple would indicate a strong base.
You are a doctor and a patient explains how they begin to feel a headache, dizziness, weakness, and confusion every time they BBQ in the garage. What might be your diagnosis and solution? How would you explain the cause of the diagnosis?
They are likely feeling the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning, a substance that is toxic to humans as it competes with oxygen to bind to hemoglobin. Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion, a reaction which occurs when you burn hydrocarbons without sufficient oxygen. Advise the patient to only BBQ in well-ventilated spaces.