FORGETTING
What is forgetting?
a deterioration in performance of a learned behavior following a retention interval
asocial observational learning
learning from observed events without a model
Shaping
VS
chaining
shaping; a method of increasing a behavior through reinforcement in a successive process
chaining; individual steps of a task analysis
behavior...
is a function of it's consequences
delayed punishment
- not as strong
- may cause alternate behavior to be paired
deterioration
decline of probability in a behavior
social observational learning
+ example
reinforcement is based on observers behavior
ex. you don't touch the stove because you watched your sister get burned
contingency
VS
contiguity
contingency- relationship between a stimulus and its response
contiguity- the connection to a reinforcer (the higher the connection, the greater the impact)
rote response examples
"how are you"
"I'm good, how are you"
start weak and increase
OR
start strong and slow down
start weak and increase
retroactive interference
vs
proactive interference
forgetting old info due to new info
vs
forgetting new info due to old info
imitation
behaving in a way that resembles the behavior of a model
operant learning
a method of learning using punishments and rewards to modify behavior
discrimination
VS
generalization
discrimination- ways to identify individuals/ set apart one another
generalization- ways to group/create categories
which is more powerful- delayed or immediate punishment
(7 answers)
- contingency
- contiguity
- intensity
- introductory level
- reinforcement of punished behavior
- alternate source of reinforcement
- motivating operations
fixed
VS
variable schedules
fixed; the number or time between responses remaining consistent
variable; the number or time between responses changes
Thorndike's conclusion
animals don't learn through observation
law of effect
behaviors with satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated than behaviors with unsatisfying outcomes
motivating operations
establishing- increase effectiveness of a reinforcer
abolishing- decrease effectiveness of a reinforcer
issues with punishment
(5 answers)
-used incorrectly
- escape or avoid punishment
- emotional responses damage relationships
- easy to abuse
- misdirecting aggression
ways to measure forgetting
(7 ways)
- free recall
- prompted/cued recall
- recognition
- extinction method
- gradient degradation
- delayed matching to sample (DMTS)
- relearning method & saving method
observational learning in children
children are actually more likely to achieve goal + do it faster alone than when shown what to do
reinforcement
Vs
extinction
reinforcement- something that increases the likelihood of a behavior happening again
extinction- gradual wearing of a conditioned response
classical
VS
operant conditioning
classical; associating an involuntary response and stimulus
operant; association of voluntary behavior and its consequence
alternatives to punishment
(7 answers)
- extinction
- response prevention
- DRA(differential reinforcement of altered behavior)
- DRI(differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior)
- DRO(differential reinforcement of other behavior)
- DRL(differential reinforcement of low rate)
- DRH(differential reinforcement of high rate)