cells
What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
Cell
What is the name for single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and are classified as prokaryotes ?
Bacteria
What is the muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body?
Heart
What term refers to the study of the relationships between organisms and their environments?
Ecology
This organelle, known as the "powerhouse" of the cell, generates energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
Mitochondria
What term describes bacteria with a spherical shape?
Cocci
What gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it regulates other endocrine glands in the body?
Pituitary gland
What term describes all the living organisms in an ecosystem?
Biotic factors
What is the selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell?
Plasma membrane
What process do bacteria use to reproduce asexually by dividing into two identical daughter cells?
Binary fission
What organ serves as the control center for the nervous system, coordinating sensory inputs and motor responses?
Brain
What type of organism produces food through photosynthesis, serving as the primary source of energy in most ecosystems?
Producers
This process involves the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis
What is the name of the rigid outer layer found in many bacterial cells that provides shape and protection?
Cell wall
What is the primary organ of the respiratory system responsible for gas exchange?
Lungs
What symbiotic relationship involves one organism benefiting while the other is neither helped nor harmed?
Commensalism
What is the process by which a single cell divides into two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
Mitosis
What type of bacteria require oxygen for metabolism and growth?
Aerobic bacteria
What organ produces bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats?
Liver
What term refers to the variety of species living within a specific area or ecosystem?
Biodiversity