Category 1
The time between inoculation and the beginning of growth is usually called
Lag Phase
Viruses that attack bacteria are known as
Bacteriophages
Bacteria stain as gram positive or gram negative because of structural differences in the?
Cell Wall
The stage in population growth with the highest rate of cell division is the
Exponential Phase
The time required for a cell to undergo binary fission is called
Generation Time
What is the name of the method that is used ro differentiate between gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Gram Staining
What is another term for Biosynthesis?
Anabolism
What is pUC19?
A type of cloning vector
Differentiate between sterilization and disinfection
Elimination of microorganisms of all types from an environment by physical or chemical means is called sterilization, while destroying, removing or inactivating pathogenic microorganisms from an environment is referred to as disinfection.
What is Methanogenesis?
Methanogenesis is the production of CH4 from CO2 + H2 or from acetate or methanol by strictly anaerobic methanogenic Archaea.
Give three examples of air-borne viral diseases
Covid-19
Influenza
Common cold
Name three types of antibiotics
Puromycin
Cephalosporin
Penicillin
Vancomycin
What is a chemoautotroph?
An organism that can synthesize all its required organic components from CO2 using energy from the sun
What does the term ‘herd immunity’ mean?
A high enough proportion of the individuals in a population are immune to a pathogen
The difference between chemoorganotrophy and chemolithotrophy is ________.
chemoorganotrophs use organic compounds as an energy source while chemolithotrophs use oxidation of inorganic chemicals for the generation of energy.
What is potable water
Water which undergoes extensive treatment that includes both filtration and chlorination and is suitable for human consumption is called potable water.
What are the three steps and temperatures of PCR
Denaturation - 95
Annealing - 56
Extending - 72
Give the steps involved in viral reproduction.
The steps involved are: (1) Attachment or absorption, (2) penetration or injection, (3) early steps in replication, (4) replication, (5) synthesis of proteins used as structural subunits of capsid or the viral coat, (6) assembly or packaging, and (7) release of the mature virus particles from the host cell.
What is regulon and what is an operon?
Regulon: A set of operons controlled by the same regulatory proteins is a regulon.
Operon: A cluster of genes (often in procaryotic cells) whose expression is controlled by a single operator is operon.
What are the three method of horizontal gene transfer?
Explain briefly.
Conjugation - DNA is transferred from a donor to a recipient bacterium by direct contact.
Transduction -a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) transfers DNA from one cell to another.
Transformation- genetic transfer process by which free DNA is incorporated into a recipient cell and brings about genetic change.