Cell biology
what are the cell organelles in eukaryote cells
nucleus, ribosomes , mitocondria
what are the stages of Mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
What is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA?
DNA replication?
What is the name of the X-ray diffraction image of DNA taken by Rosalind Franklin, which provided critical insights into its structure?
Photograph 51
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
One Major Difference between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells have cell wall and Eukaryotic cells have no cell walls.
What is mitosis?
the process by which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase
What type of chemical bond holds the two strands of DNA together in the double helix structure?
Hydrogen bonds
What does RNA Stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What is the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
What are the protein complexes that regulate the progression of the cell cycle, including mitosis?
cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
Which enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to the exposed DNA template
DNA Polymerase
In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine, forming two hydrogen bonds?
thymine
what is Primer ?
Initiator
What is the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration?
Nucleus
In multicellular organisms, what is the primary significance of mitosis?
Growth, Repair, Replacement.
What is the leading strand?
In DNA replication, which strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction.
What is the term for the three-dimensional structure of DNA, consisting of two antiparallel strands twisted around each other?
Double Helix
what is the function of DNA ligase?
Joining Okazaki fragments
What organelle functions in protein synthesis and transportation within the cell, with rough and smooth varieties?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What term describes uncontrolled cell division, which is a hallmark of cancer and often involves defects in mitotic regulation?
What are Okazaki fragments?
the short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication?
What are the components of the DNA molecule that form the "sides" of the ladder-like structure and are made up of alternating phosphate and sugar molecules?
the sugar-phosphate backbone
what is Apoptosis
A programmed cell death.