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Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987)
Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Indigent defendants must be provided representation without charge.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Established the doctrine of judicial review.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. The case stemmed from an 1892 incident in which African American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a car for Black people.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Students do not leave their rights at the schoolhouse door.
Board of Education of Independent School District #92 of Pottawatomie County v. Earls (2002)
Random drug tests of students involved in extracurricular activities do not violate the Fourth Amendment.
Goss v. Lopez (1975)
Students are entitled to certain due process rights
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
The Constitution gives the federal government certain implied powe
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
It is cruel and unusual punishment to execute persons for crimes they committed before age 18.
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
The President is not above the law.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Separate schools are not equal.
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
Colleges and universities have a legitimate interest in promoting diversity.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning.
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)
Students may not use a school's loudspeaker system to offer student-led, student-initiated prayer.
Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)
Random drug tests of student athletes is not an unreasonable search and seizure.
Cooper v. Aaron (1958)
States cannot nullify decisions of the federal courts.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
Administrators may edit the content of school newspapers.
New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
Students have a reduced expectation of privacy in school.
Terry v. Ohio (1968)
Stop and frisks do not violate the Constitution under certain circumstances.
Zelma v. Simmons-Harris (2002)
Certain school voucher programs are constitutional.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
School initiated-prayer in the public school system violates the First Amendment.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial.
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
In order to prove libel, a public official must show that what was said against them was made with actual malice
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
separate but equal."