Pharm
What is the primary organ for metabolism?
Serum creatinine is a marker for what?
When suspecting temporal/giant cell arteritis, what diagnostic test(s) should you order?
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and temporal artery biopsy if elevated
___% of patients with optic neuritis will develop MS within 15 years
50
Upon fundoscopic exam, you notice venous dilation, tortuosity, widespread hemorrhage, and scattered cotton wool spots. You identify this as a "blood and thunder fundus"... what is the most likely diagnosis?
BRVO/CRVO dependent on location
____ agonists activate the receptors but are unable to elicit the maximal response
What kind of antagonist is non-surmountable?
Which of the following is the most common cause of permanent blindness in people greater than 65 years of age in the United States?
Age related macular degeneration (AMD)
A patient develops acute eye pain and photophobia after mild trauma to the eye. Examination of the eye is grossly normal except for photophobia and tearing. This patient is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?
Corneal abrasion
Open angle glaucoma has an increased risk in patients of which ethnicity?
African American
Which force arises from the weak attraction between polar/non-polar molecules?
Van Der Waals
____ do NOT have intrinsic activity
Antagonists
When seeing a 64-yr old gentleman for a follow-up of HTN and hyperlipidemia, exam of the retina shows white lesions with irregular borders. What could these lesions be?
Cotton wool spots from hypertensive retinopathy
A 48-year-old male patient is diagnosed with shingles involving cranial nerve V. During the examination you note that the tip of his nose is involved. At this point, it is crucial to rule out involvement of what other structure?
Cornea, urgent referral to ophthalmology
A 19-year-old female presents with pain, redness, and swelling of the upper eyelid for the last 3 days. There are no visual changes or photophobia. Examination reveals a tender, erythematous, and outward-pointing edema of the right eyelid. The most likely diagnosis is which of the following?
Hordeolum
What effect do spare receptors have on potency?
What does the term tachyphylaxis mean?
Rapid Desensitization
While working in the ER you are triaging a patient who experienced facial trauma. You note blood in the anterior chamber of the patient’s left eye. What is a possible complication for this patient?
Acute angle closure glaucoma may be brought on by hemorrhage
A 5-year-old patient is seen with her parents who states there is a 2-day history of fever (101°F), sore throat, and tearing and mild erythema of both eyes. She has been swimming in a public pool. There is scant exudate present bilaterally and a large amount of watery discharge. Nontender preauricular adenopathy is present. What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Education/handwashing/cool to lukewarm compresses
May prescribe antipyretic for fever, antibiotic drops to make parents feel better but no real indication for them
A 40-year-old female presents with a foreign-body sensation in the right eye. Over the last 3 weeks, she has had gradually increasing painless swelling around the right lower eyelid. Your examination shows a nontender discrete nodule on the right lower eyelid. There is no evidence of injection or discharge and her visual acuity is normal. The most likely diagnosis is:
Chalazion
IV administration is considered ____% bioavailable
100
A 39 year old male states that he was holding his baby and she put her fingers in his right eye. He now presents to the ER with pain and photophobia. His eye appears grossly normal except for increased tearing. Which diagnostic test should you run and what are you looking for?
Fluorescein staining for corneal abrasion
A 70-year-old woman with a history of glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy presents to the ED stating that she fell down and bumped her head earlier in the evening. She is now experiencing a sensation of flashing lights and floaters in her right eye. She has decreased visual acuity and feels there is a curtain over her visual field. Fundoscopic examination is difficult and therefore nondiagnostic. What is the next step that you should take?
Emergency referral to an ophthalmologist due to suspected retinal detachment
A 36-year-old female presents to the occupational health clinic with a history of a fleck of metal in the right eye obtained while working in a fabrication plant. You note a large area of subconjunctival hemorrhage and a central abrasion of the sclera. How would you rule out perforation of the globe?