protein synthesis
mitosis
cell differenti-ation
um, actually
DNA replication
100
the name of the molecule that is the original copy of the instructions to make proteins
DNA
100
what is mitosis also called?
cell division
100
true or false: stem cells can differentiate into any cell type
true
100
1 gene codes for 3 proteins
1 gene codes for 1 protein
100
A bonds with
T
200
the molecule that does the work in a cell and gives it its specialized function
proteins
200
input of mitosis
1 diploid cell
200
true or false: specialized cells can turn back into stem cells on their own
false
200
RNA is made during translation
RNA is made during transcription
OR
proteins are made during translation
200
the first step of DNA replication involves the enzyme helicase. what does helicase do?
"unzips" the 2 strands of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs
300
the molecule that delivers a copy of the instructions to the ribosome
RNA
300
output of mitosis
2 identical diploid daughter cells
300
define gene expression
gene expression is how cells differentiate and perform their specialized functions. they turn certain genes "on" (transcribe and translate them) and other genes "off" (these genes do not get transcribed or translated)
300
genes are made of proteins
genes are made of DNA
300
how is DNA replication "semi-conservative"?
one strand in each new molecule came from the old molecule
400
genes are made of:
a) DNA
b) RNA
c) protein
a) DNA
400
when does the cell duplicate its dna?
S phase
400
true or false: ALL diploid body cells contain 2 copies of EVERY gene
true
400
during M phase, the cell is doing transcription and translation
during M phase, the cell is dividing
transcription and translation are done during G1 and G2 in Interphase
400
what happens when there is a mutation in the DNA? list 2 options.
1) the mutation gets fixed by an enzyme like DNA polymerase or p53
2) the mutation is passed down to a daughter cell
500
1) when could a mutation to the DNA occur?
2) when could a mutation to the RNA occur?
1) DNA replication
2) transcription
500
when is DNA in chromosome form?
BONUS 100 points: what is the term for the form DNA is in when it is NOT in chromosome form?
only during mitosis
BONUS: chromatin
500
true or false: ALL body cells contain RNA for every gene.
false
500
all human cells contain the same proteins (for full points, explain how this is both untrue AND true)
for 400 points: cells contain only the proteins they need in order to carry out their specialized function. we would expect different types of specialized cells to have different collections of proteins
for the final 100 points: there are some proteins, like helicase, DNA polymerase, ATP synthase, etc. that are needed by all cells for functions that keep the cell alive (e.g. DNA replication and cellular respiration). Therefore, we would expect to find these proteins in all human cells.
500
Draw DNA being replicated. Most detailed an accurate model wins. (Double time)
